Seite - 79 - in Hybrid Electric Vehicles

6. Conclusion As the number of PHEVs and BEVs is massively increasing, their charging becomes a very important issue due to fluctuating and high demand of electricity. Therefore, it is very impor- tant to manage their charging through coordinated charging, battery-assisted charging and demand respond. Among these three methods, coordinated charging and demand respond require advanced theoretical development, massive demonstration and coordination in the electrical grid, therefore, they need couple of years in the future for realization. On the other hand, battery-assisted charging is considered very applicable in terms of economy and technology. Charging behaviour of PHEV and BEV is strongly influenced by ambient temperature. Charging under relatively high ambient temperature (summer) leads to higher charging rate; therefore, shorter charging time can be realized. In addition, battery-assisted charger (BAC) has been developed especially to facilitate simultaneous charging of multiple vehicles under certain limited contracted power capacity. The demonstration test of BAC proves that it can facilitate high quality of charging, while minimizing the electrical grid stress due to massive and concentrated charging of PHEVs and BEVs. Author details Muhammad Aziz Address all correspondence to: aziz.m.aa@m.titech.ac.jp Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan References [1] Aziz M, Oda T, Kashiwagi T. Extended utilization of electric vehicles and their re- used batteries to support the building energy management system. Energy Procedia. 2015;75:1938-1943. DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2015.07.226 [2] White CD, Max Zhang K. Using vehicle-to-grid technology for frequency regulation and peak-load reduction. Journal of Power Sources. 2011;196:3972-3980. DOI: 10.1016/j. jpowsour.2010.11.010 [3] Aziz M, Oda T, Mitani T, Watanabe Y, Kashiwagi T. Utilization of electric vehicles and their used batteries for peak-load shifting. Energies. 2015;8(5):3720-3738. DOI: 10.3390/ en8053720 [4] Kempton W, Letendre S. Electric vehicles as a new power source for electric utilities. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. 1997;2:157-175. DOI: 10.1016/S1361-9209(97)00001-1 Advanced Charging System for Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles and Battery Electric Vehicles http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.68287 79