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takes place by exchanging information.With these criteria in mind, we are automati-
cally in thefield of distributed computing as information is exchangednot only locally,
i.e. within the boundaries of a component, but also cross-component. Since Internet of
Thingssetupsarenaturallydistributedsystems,as the“Things”arecomponents interact-
ingwith eachother by exchanging informationover the “Internet”, the citeddefinitions
are sufficient even for theareaof IoT.
3. ModelsandApproaches forHierarchical InteroperabilityMeasurement
In section 2, interoperability has been identified as ameasurable property indicating to
whatdegree interoperability isgivenbetweentwoormoreparticipants.Theworddegree
implies thatweneed some type of scale or a classification approach such that different
interoperability scenarios can be comparedwith each other and ranked. Persisteras and
Tarabanis have analyzed twelve proposed classification approaches grouping together
different aspects of interoperability [6]: The finding of their analysis is, that all twelve
classification approaches use an evolutionary perspective,whichmeans that the degree
of interoperabilitycanbemeasuredbyansweringthequestionwhichaspects (alsocalled
features [6]) of interoperability are fulfilledandwhichnot.The fulfilmentof an specific
aspect in turn, canbemeasuredby the fulfilment of criteriawhich are defined in accor-
dancewith the aspect. Some aspects aremore advanced than other (and therefore their
criteria areharder to fulfil) leading toanhigher, i.e. amoreadvanced,degreeof interop-
erability. For instance, the fact that twoparticipants are able to exchange symbols over
awire is a lower fulfilled aspect in comparison to the aspect, that these twoparticipants
agree on the same understanding of themeaning of exchanged data structures. These
aspectsand their criteriaareconsolidatedwithinso-called levelsof interoperability such
that amodel for classification typically consists ofmultiple interoperability levels fol-
lowingastrict linearity:Forreachinganupper levelof interoperability(i.e.ahighdegree
of interoperability) all the aspects of the underlying levelsmust be fulfilled.Although,
thenumberof interoperability levelsvary fromapproach toapproach, theaspects identi-
fiedby[6]within the twelveanalyzedclassificationapproachesareoftensimilar toeach
other: On the lower levels, the basic aspects of communication are addressed, such as
the ability to exchange single symbols up to unstructured and structured data (e.g. in
[11] and [12]),whereas thehigher levels covers aspects like the semantic representation
of singlewords, data structures up to the ability to integrate the provided services of a
component into anworkflow for achieving a certain goal (e.g. in [11], [13] and [14]).
AlthoughPersisterasandTarabanishaveanalyzedthese twelveclassificationapproaches
in 2006 and in the context of information systems in general, classification approaches
and typologies for IoT interoperability that havebeendeveloped later use the sameevo-
lutionary perspectivewith different interoperability levels asmentioned above. Recent
models andapproaches for IoTcanbe found in [3] and [7].
Dueto thescaleof fulfilmentornon-fulfilmentofaspectsandtheircriteria, themea-
surementwithin thesemodels is hierarchical andnot basedonametric basis.However,
a long-termgoal shouldbe tomeasure, evaluate andcompareparticular interoperability
scenariosnotonlyhierarchically,butalsobasedonametricscale inorder toachievefiner
granularity. As alreadymentioned, our contribution is to offer such ametricmeasure-
mentmethod.However, thismethod is limited to only one specific aspect, namely the
S. Kotstein and C. Decker /AnApproach for Measuring IoT
Interoperability172
Intelligent Environments 2019
Workshop Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Intelligent Environments
- Titel
- Intelligent Environments 2019
- Untertitel
- Workshop Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Intelligent Environments
- Autoren
- Andrés Muñoz
- Sofia Ouhbi
- Wolfgang Minker
- Loubna Echabbi
- Miguel Navarro-Cía
- Verlag
- IOS Press BV
- Datum
- 2019
- Sprache
- deutsch
- Lizenz
- CC BY-NC 4.0
- ISBN
- 978-1-61499-983-6
- Abmessungen
- 16.0 x 24.0 cm
- Seiten
- 416
- Kategorie
- Tagungsbände