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160 Germany. After the 1942–1944 musicians’ strike against the recording industry in the United States ended the number of recording sessions soared (see 1944 in Fig. 8.3). Due to World War II, though, this recovery mainly occurred in the United States, while the European share dwindled (see Fig. 8.5). The shift from a normative to a competitive field is observed in the field articula- tion. Figure 8.4 indicates that the periods 1935–1939 and 1940–1944 both have low betweenness and high degree centrality (a combination typical of more cohesive networks). In this type of configuration, brokerage is less important. The loose artic- ulation of the field, along with the presence of experienced sidemen, was a crucial ingredient in the subsequent revolution of the jazz field. Nonetheless, older genera- tions still controlled the field. A low QAP (Quadratic Assignment Procedure) cor- relation is observable between period 1 (1930–1934) and period 2 (1935–1939) (Table 8.5). This may be explained by a structural change in the network. As cohe- sion increased, so concentric paths became established. In contrast, the patterns of relationships did not change dramatically from period 2 (1935–1939) to period 3 (1940–1944) (Table 8.5 shows a 0.43 Pearson correlation, similar to Webster et al.’s (2001) level). This suggests that with the articulation in the 1935–1940 period rela- tionships changed at a slower pace. In Fig. 8.1b a Core block articulating the field’s record production is quite clear. Ivory Tower musicians predominated over other trajectory types (Fig. 8.1b). Nonetheless, a connected periphery started to emerge, which balanced the domi- nance of the core. In Fig. 8.1c the emergence of shared Core blocks can be seen. Ivory Tower, Ivy League, and Elite-1 musicians were still controlling the field. There was, however, no clear-cut core articulating the entire structure. It is worth Fig. 8.5 Evolution of recorded jazz sessions included in the sample (Design by author) C. Kirschbaum