Seite - 16 - in Limina - Grazer theologische Perspektiven, Band 3:2

16 | www.limina-graz.eu LIMINA 3:2 | Digital Transformation | Editorial towards a new categorisation of the functions of (religious) beliefs. Belief processes thus form the basis for establishing and evaluating trust and val- ue and offer insight for a deeper understanding of human behaviour – and potentially also the behaviour of autonomous and self-learning systems. Belief networks, according to Lumbreras and Oviedo, would be able to gen- erate belief processes as emerging phenomena and use them to substan- tially improve their functionality. It is tempting to interpret the world, a world undergoing digitisation, through an exclusively technological lens. However, a closer look reveals that all these technological advances would be ultimately inconceivable without fundamental human values such as truth and trust. But at the heart of everything is freedom; without it, all other categories become void. The question of freedom also links to the key theological concepts of guilt and compassion. Christian Wessely poses the question as to whether this con- stitutes an essential, existential challenge for the reframing of the human as a “digital analogy” which forces humans to recalibrate their position between community and individuality. This process is both painful and uncertain, but for Wessely it is clear that theology can and should provide crucial insight and guidance. Digitisation and artificial intelligence are heralded as promising solutions for an ageing society and in the care sector. However, such considerations are not only of ethical consequences but also pose legal questions: Karl Stöger investigates in how far replacing human care with machines is even permissible, and what the specific legal challenges are. Since 1950, the Turing test has been a hallmark in the research of artificial intelligence. It asks the question what it means to be “human” or to be per- ceived as “human”. It has now also become a subject in the gaming world. Frank G. Bosman illustrates in his article how such computer games turn the players themselves into test subjects or judges and examines how this may influence our understanding of what it means to be human. Elisabeth Zissler provides further anthropological perspectives in her elab- orations. She understands the development of artificial intelligence as a series of insults that unsettle the human claim to uniqueness throughout history. Instead, the real uniqueness of humanity, as she proposes, is so- cial intelligence: Social intelligence cannot be digitised and thus remains a human necessity as the challenges of the 21st century require more than a digital solution.