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1 Science forLossandDamage.FindingsandPropositions 9
Theschemewas intended tocompensate small island-and low-lyingdeveloping
nationsforclimate-relatedimpactsfromsea-levelrise(Linnerooth-Bayeretal.2003;
AOSIS 2008; see the chapters by Schäfer et al. 2018 and Linnerooth-Bayer et al.
2018).While the proposal was eventually dropped, discussions on compensation
and insuranceasameans toaddress theadverseeffectsof climatechangeprevailed
with expertworkshops convened in 2003 and 2007 on the basis ofCOPdecisions
5/CP 7 and 1/CP 10 and COP13 started to consider means to address Loss and
Damage (MaceandVerheyen2016).
In 2008,AOSIS submitted an expanded version of the 1991proposal to theAd
HocWorkingGrouponLong-termCooperativeActionundertheConvention(AWG-
LCA).ThisMultiWindowMechanism toAddress Loss andDamage fromClimate
Change Impacts in Small Island Developing States (SIDS) and other developing
countries particularly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change comprised three
interdependent components: (1) insurance; (2) rehabilitation/compensation; and (3)
riskmanagement(AOSIS2008).Theideaofan“internationalmechanismaddressing
riskmanagementandriskreductionstrategiesandinsurancerelatedrisksharingand
risk transfermechanisms”was reiterated a year later in theAOSIS proposal for a
CopenhagenProtocol (UNFCCC2009).
Afterlossesanddamageswerementionedinthe2007BaliActionPlan(UNFCCC
2007), the 2010CancunAdaptationFramework (UNFCCC2010) initiated formal
UNFCCCactivitiesontheissuewiththeestablishmentofanadhocworkprogramme
(UNFCCC2011).The latterwasmeant toadvance technicalworkonL&Din three
thematicareasover thecourseof2011and2012: (1)assessing the riskofL&Dand
thecurrent knowledgeon the same; (2)proposinga rangeof approaches toaddress
L&Dfrombothextremeandslowonsetevents, takingintoconsiderationexperience
at all levels; and (3)determining the roleof theConvention inenhancing the imple-
mentationofapproaches toaddressL&D(UNFCCC2012).Since its inception, the
workprogrammehasconductedseveralcallsforsubmissionsaskingparties(national
government representatives)andobservers (otherorganisationsattendingUNFCCC
meetings) for input on specific questions. These calls gave parties, observers and
non-admittedorganisationstheopportunitytolayout theirviewsonthematic issues,
institutionalquestions,governancearrangementsandsuggestionsonhowtotakethe
L&Dworkprogrammeforward.
As part of theDohaClimateGateway in 2012, the Parties decided to establish
institutionalarrangements toaddressL&DatCOP19.This laid thegroundworkfor
the creation of theWIM, that is charged to “address loss and damage associated
with impactsof climatechange, includingextremeevents andslowonset events, in
developingcountries thatareparticularlyvulnerabletotheadverseeffectsofclimate
change”(UNFCCC2013,para1).COP19alsoestablishedanExecutiveCommittee
(ExCom) to guide the implementation of functions of theWIM through an initial
2-yearworkplan.AdistinctL&Darticle in theParisAgreement (UNFCCC2015,
Article8)atCOP21meantfurtherrecognitionforL&DandtheWIM,andarguably,
institutional anchoringwithin theUNFCCCarchitecture.
The action areas forworkunder theWIMhavebeenbroadanddiverse, ranging
in scope and focus.Action areas include considering particularly vulnerable coun-
Loss and Damage from Climate Change
Concepts, Methods and Policy Options
- Titel
- Loss and Damage from Climate Change
- Untertitel
- Concepts, Methods and Policy Options
- Autoren
- Reinhard Mechler
- Laurens M. Bouwer
- Thomas Schinko
- Swenja Surminski
- JoAnne Linnerooth-Bayer
- Verlag
- Springer Open
- Datum
- 2019
- Sprache
- englisch
- Lizenz
- CC BY 4.0
- ISBN
- 978-3-319-72026-5
- Abmessungen
- 16.0 x 24.0 cm
- Seiten
- 580
- Schlagwörter
- Environment, Climate change, Environmental law, Environmental policy, Risk management
- Kategorien
- International
- Naturwissenschaften Umwelt und Klima