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16 R.Mechler et al.
forward for researchandpolicy.Adoptingamulti-facetednotionofpowerdrawing
onneorealist, liberal andconstructivist schoolsof thought, the authors examine the
structuralist paradox inL&Dnegotiations in lightof the fact that smallerparties to
theconventionhavebeenabletosuccessfullynegotiatekeymilestoneswithstronger
parties.TheauthorsemphasisetherelevanceofdiscursivepowerforL&Ddecisions.
FramingL&Dinethicalandlegal termshasbeenimportant todevelopingstandards
sharedandagreeduponbeyond theUNFCCCcontext, includingbasicmoralnorms
linked to island states’ narratives of survival and the reference to international cus-
tomary law(seealso theethicschapterbyWallimann-Helmeret al. 2018).Looking
forward, they however argue that a change in narrativemay be conducive to truly
achievecollectiveactiononL&Dasanissueofcommonconcerncounteringtherisk
of thepolicydebatebecomingawin-losenegotiation“game.”
Legal actions on climate change have been proliferating in recent years. Flo-
rentina Simlinger and Benoit Mayer explore the current status of debate around
LegalResponses to ClimateChange Induced LossandDamage.Thediscussion
reviews the legal literature, scoping out the spectrumof potential legal actions on
L&Dincludingkeychallengesandpossibledirections for further research.Thedis-
cussionbroadlyexaminesprivateandpublicclimatechangelitigationwithexamples
fromaround theworld. It also lays out howhuman rights issues havebeen applied
in international lawwith a view towardsL&D.As one focus, the authors examine
the applicability of theno-harmprinciple in climate change.This principle,which
has longbeen applied in international law, requires states to refrain fromactivities
that have potential to cause significant transboundary harm, and to prevent actors
within its jurisdiction from carrying out such activities. The chapter, furthermore,
presentslegalactionswithrelevanceforL&Dnegotiations.Asynopsisofthevarious
legalresponsestoL&Dhighlightingtheirpremises,specificchallengesandproposed
remedies, providesa succinct summaryof thediscussion.
Non-economicLossandDamage(NELD) isadistinct themein theworkplanof
the Loss andDamageExecutiveCommittee (WIMExcom). The chapter onNon-
economicLossandDamageandtheWarsawInternationalMechanismbyOlivia
SerdecznystartsbyprovidingadefinitionofNELDasclimate-relatedmaterial-and
non-materialimpacts,riskstowell-being,andassetsandgoodsnotcommonlytraded
in themarket.Examplescomprise lossof cultural identity, sacredplaces, aswell as
humanhealthandlives.Initialanalysisshowsthatthetwomaincharacteristicsofnon-
economicvalues are their context-dependenceand incommensurability.Theauthor
suggests that these attributes need to bepreserved and respectedwhen considering
measures to avoid the risk of NELDs as part of comprehensive riskmanagement
approaches.AddressingNELDsinacentralmechanismundertheUNFCCCrequires
substantialunderstandingofthepermanentlylostvaluesandtheirfunctionsforthose
negativelyaffected.
Studies of L&D fromclimate change have focused strongly on human systems
and tended to overlook themediating role of ecosystems and the services ecosys-
temsprovide to society.This is a significant knowledgegapas losses anddamages
tohumansystemsoftenresult frompermanentor temporarydisturbances toecosys-
temsservices causedbyclimatic stressors.Thechapteron the Impacts of Climate
Loss and Damage from Climate Change
Concepts, Methods and Policy Options
- Titel
- Loss and Damage from Climate Change
- Untertitel
- Concepts, Methods and Policy Options
- Autoren
- Reinhard Mechler
- Laurens M. Bouwer
- Thomas Schinko
- Swenja Surminski
- JoAnne Linnerooth-Bayer
- Verlag
- Springer Open
- Datum
- 2019
- Sprache
- englisch
- Lizenz
- CC BY 4.0
- ISBN
- 978-3-319-72026-5
- Abmessungen
- 16.0 x 24.0 cm
- Seiten
- 580
- Schlagwörter
- Environment, Climate change, Environmental law, Environmental policy, Risk management
- Kategorien
- International
- Naturwissenschaften Umwelt und Klima