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22 R.Mechler et al.
AndesnestledjustbelowthePalcacochaglacial lake.Globalwarminghasledtodan-
gerous increases in the lake’svolume, increasing the riskofaglacial iceavalanche.
Suchanavalanchewouldcauseanoutburstfloodfromthelakepotentiallyleadingto
massivedestructionand lossof life.Asaprecedent, in1941anoutburstfloodkilled
more than5,000people inHuaraz. SaúlLucianoLliuya’s climate lawsuit, brought
forwardwithsupport fromtheGermanNGOGermanwatchin2016against theGer-
manenergycompanyRWE,seekssupport fromthecompanytomakeacontribution
to riskmeasures that avoid suchaglacial lakeflood, proportional to the company’s
share in historicalCO2 emissions (about 0.5%overall). The case, dismissed in the
first instance, has since been accepted by a higher regional court inGermany after
anappeal, and isnow(mid2018) in themidstof theevidentiary stage.
Much of the L&D debate has focused on climate risk insurance as a possible
responsemechanism.ThispolicyresponseisexploredbyJoAnneLinnerooth-Bayer,
SwenjaSurminski, LaurensM.Bouwer, IlanNoyandReinhardMechler in Insur-
ance asaResponse to LossandDamage?Thechapter reflectson recent evidence
andquestionswhetherinsuranceinstrumentscanservethepreventionandcure inten-
tionsof theWIMandtheParisAgreement, in termsof reducingclimate-relatedrisk
andproviding an equitable response toL&Dfromweather extremes in developing
countries. The chapter lays out the forms and functions of insurance for climate-
related extremes and emphasises the substantial benefits aswell as the substantial
costs of bothmicro-insurance programs and regional insurance pools for provid-
ingpost-disaster relief and reconstruction.Notwithstanding theactual andpotential
benefits,theauthorsfindthatabsentsignificantinterventionintheirdesignandimple-
mentation, insurancemechanismsascurrently implemented,will likely fall shortof
fully serving the preventive and curative aspirations of developing country parties
to theWIM.Theauthorsemphasise the importanceofburden-sharing, as insurance
isgenerally loadedwithanexpenseandriskmargin inaddition to theprofitmargin
forcommercial insurance.Thechapter,whileadvisingcautionabout relying largely
onmarket solutions toprovide insurance for fulfilling thepreventionandcureaspi-
rations, thus emphasises the criticality of international and public intervention in
climate risk insuranceprovision.
Technologyplays a critical role in copingwith climate impacts and risks so that
adaptation limits are not further breached.Yet, vulnerable communities dispropor-
tionally impactedbyclimatechange,oftencannotbenefit fromexisting technology.
Those engaging in the L&Ddebate have only very recently sought dialoguewith
discussionsontechnology,suchasundertheUNFCCC.ThechapterTechnologyfor
ClimateJustice:AReportingFrameworkfor LossandDamage aspartofKey
GlobalAgreementsbyMarcvandenHombergandColinMcQuistanexamineshow
technology can shape limits to adaptation andhow international reportingon tech-
nology (in)justice as part of keyglobal agreementsmayhelp. The authors develop
a technology-reporting frameworkwith components of access, use and innovation,
which isconsequentlyappliedvia theexampleof transboundaryearlywarningsys-
temsdeployed inSouthAsia.Theyfind that forvulnerable countriesonlya limited
setofstate-of-the-arttechnologiesisavailable,andtherealityofcapacityandfunding
gapsmeansonly thebareminimum, largelycopycat typesof technology, isutilised.
Loss and Damage from Climate Change
Concepts, Methods and Policy Options
- Titel
- Loss and Damage from Climate Change
- Untertitel
- Concepts, Methods and Policy Options
- Autoren
- Reinhard Mechler
- Laurens M. Bouwer
- Thomas Schinko
- Swenja Surminski
- JoAnne Linnerooth-Bayer
- Verlag
- Springer Open
- Datum
- 2019
- Sprache
- englisch
- Lizenz
- CC BY 4.0
- ISBN
- 978-3-319-72026-5
- Abmessungen
- 16.0 x 24.0 cm
- Seiten
- 580
- Schlagwörter
- Environment, Climate change, Environmental law, Environmental policy, Risk management
- Kategorien
- International
- Naturwissenschaften Umwelt und Klima