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40 I.Wallimann-Helmeret al.
2.1 Introduction
Debate in ethics concerning climate change has mainly investigated questions of
howtodealwithmitigationandadaptation.Muchof thedebatehasbeenonclimate
justice asking how to distribute the benefits and burdens ofmitigation and adapta-
tion fairly; dealingwith the rightsof those facing the impactsof climatechange;or
discussingtheindividualmoraldutytochangelifestyles inorder tocontribute tocli-
mateprotection.An importantdetail of thisdebate is thatmitigationandadaptation
areoftendiscussedunder one and the sameheading. Potential differences between
duties related to climate changemitigation and those of adaptation are rarely anal-
ysed. Research dealingwith this distinction, however, shows that there are crucial
differences between the ethical challenges of mitigation and those of adaptation
(Jagers andDuus-Otterström 2008;Wallimann-Helmer 2015, 2016).We build on
this distinction to discuss a further distinctive area of climate change research and
policy: the adverse effects of climate change leading to climate related Loss and
Damage (for short: L&D). As we argue and demonstrate throughout, in order to
address the ethical aspects pertaining to L&D in international climate policy it is
essential to clearly differentiate between the challenges concerningmitigation and
adaptationand thoseethical issuesexclusively relevant forL&D.
This chapter laysoutwhatwe take tobe themainethical challenges concerning
climateL&D.Buildingonthisdiagnosis,wedevelopcriteria tocategorisemeasures
asbeingappropriatefordealingwithL&Dandanalysehowtheresponsibilitiescom-
ingwiththesemeasuresmustbedistributedtobejust.First,weshowthatdepending
on howmitigation and adaptation are distinguished fromL&D, the primary focus
ofpolicymeasuresand their ethical implicationswill vary (2.2).Second,wedistin-
guishbetweenadistributive justice frameworkanda compensatory justice scheme
fordeliveringL&Dmeasures.Wediscusssometheoreticaladvantagesofdistributive
justiceframeworks,butdonotdecide the issue.Onekeyadvantageforadistributive
justiceapproach is that it coversallL&Drather thanonly thefraction that isanthro-
pogenically induced (2.3). Third, in order to understand the types ofmeasures that
these justiceapproachescouldapply to,weanalyse theappropriatenessofdifferent
measures and policy approaches available (2.4). Fourth, depending on the kind of
L&Dandwhich remediesarepossible, responsibilitiesofdifferent actorsare found
tovary (2.5). Inparticular,wediscuss thedistinctionbetween remedial responsibil-
ity and outcome responsibility. Overall, while our primary aimhere is tomap out
themost important arguments and principles in climate ethics dealingwith L&D,
wealsoargue that thecapacity tomostefficientlyandeffectivelycontribute toeven
out undeserved harm fromL&D is crucial. One of our suggestions is that it is the
differentiated capacities of those able to support theones inneedof assistance that
shouldmatter themostwhendifferentiatingremedialresponsibilities totackleL&D.
Loss and Damage from Climate Change
Concepts, Methods and Policy Options
- Titel
- Loss and Damage from Climate Change
- Untertitel
- Concepts, Methods and Policy Options
- Autoren
- Reinhard Mechler
- Laurens M. Bouwer
- Thomas Schinko
- Swenja Surminski
- JoAnne Linnerooth-Bayer
- Verlag
- Springer Open
- Datum
- 2019
- Sprache
- englisch
- Lizenz
- CC BY 4.0
- ISBN
- 978-3-319-72026-5
- Abmessungen
- 16.0 x 24.0 cm
- Seiten
- 580
- Schlagwörter
- Environment, Climate change, Environmental law, Environmental policy, Risk management
- Kategorien
- International
- Naturwissenschaften Umwelt und Klima