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5 Attribution:HowIs ItRelevant forLoss… 137
events, demonstratinghowthis areaofworkmightbe integratedwithattributionof
climateandweather events (Sect. 5.3.1) and impacts (Sect. 5.3.2).
5.3.4 AssessingandAnalysingLossesandDamages
fromDisasters
TounderstandL&Dfromanthropogenicclimatechange, it isalso important tocon-
sider disaster assessments and disaster research.Before the establishment ofL&D
as an area within the UNFCCC, there was already a great deal of work seeking
to quantify and analyse losses and damages from natural hazards. Not all of this
workexaminescausality,andthereforemightnotbeconsideredattributionresearch,
but integratingknowledge, expertise, andanalysis tools fromdisaster researchwith
climate change and climate impacts attribution research (Sects. 5.3.1, 5.3.2, 5.3.3)
could be a fruitfulway to obtain a fuller understanding of L&D, and in particular
to compare the influenceof anthropogenic climate changewithdriversof exposure
andvulnerability.
Loss anddamageassessments are routinelyconductedaftermajordisasters, and
the results arewidely available indisaster databases includingat global (EM-DAT:
Guha-Sapiretal.2009;DesInventar2015),andnational levels.Reinsurancecompa-
nies alsoholddisaster databases,27 but these are generally not publically available.
Disasterdatabasesrepresentanimpressiveresource,howeverthequality,consistency
andcompletenessvariesbetween regionsandbetweenevents.The results alsovary
betweendatasets: thereisnoconsensusabouthowtocollectdatafollowingdisasters
(Huggel et al. 2015b), and differentmethodologies can have quite different results
(Kronetal.2012).Collectingdataabout lossesanddamagesfromslowonsetevents
suchasdrought isverychallenging,due to the timescalesofdatacollection,and the
manyotherdriverswhichmightplayaroleover this longer timeperiod.Developing
countriesarepoorlyrepresented(Galletal.2009),andinparticular there isa lackof
informationat the subnational scale invulnerablecountries (Huggel et al. 2015b).
Disasterriskresearchusesthesedatabasestoexaminetrendsinlossesfromdisas-
ters, includingextremeweatherevents,andincludinganalysisofcausalrelationships
with climatic variability (Bouwer 2011; chapter byBouwer 2018). It is generally
accepted that theobservedglobal increase indisaster losses is largelyattributable to
increases in exposure to hazard,withmorewealth situated in locations that are at
risk(Bouwer2011; IPCC2012).Researchontheroleofchanges invulnerabilityon
observedlossesanddamagesisstillveryscarceandneedstobeinvestigatedinmore
detail, although there is evidence that vulnerability tofloodhazard is decreasing in
someplaces(MechlerandBouwer2015;Jongmanetal.2015;Kreibichetal.2017).
Disaster databases often focus on a fewkeyvariables such asmonetary losses and
fatalities.The rangeof lossesanddamagesconsideredunder theUNFCCCextends
farbeyond thesequantities (Serdecznyetal.2016)and therefore it isalso important
27E.g.www.munichre.com/natcatservice;www.swissre.com/sigma.
Loss and Damage from Climate Change
Concepts, Methods and Policy Options
- Titel
- Loss and Damage from Climate Change
- Untertitel
- Concepts, Methods and Policy Options
- Autoren
- Reinhard Mechler
- Laurens M. Bouwer
- Thomas Schinko
- Swenja Surminski
- JoAnne Linnerooth-Bayer
- Verlag
- Springer Open
- Datum
- 2019
- Sprache
- englisch
- Lizenz
- CC BY 4.0
- ISBN
- 978-3-319-72026-5
- Abmessungen
- 16.0 x 24.0 cm
- Seiten
- 580
- Schlagwörter
- Environment, Climate change, Environmental law, Environmental policy, Risk management
- Kategorien
- International
- Naturwissenschaften Umwelt und Klima