Seite - 139 - in Loss and Damage from Climate Change - Concepts, Methods and Policy Options
Bild der Seite - 139 -
Text der Seite - 139 -
5 Attribution:HowIs ItRelevant forLoss… 139
forattributionscience inaL&DcontextwithaverybroadviewofwhatL&Dmight
signify,includingalargerangeofactionstoaddresslossesanddamages,asidentified
bydifferent stakeholders (Boydetal. 2017), forexampleadaptation, risk reduction,
risk transfer, insurance, riskpooling, riskmanagement, recovery, rehabilitation,and
compensation.
5.4.1 CatalysingAction
Many papers, and stakeholder interviews, have highlighted an important role for
attribution in catalysing action (Bouwer 2011; Surminski andLopez 2015; Parker
etal.2017a).This refers toaction in termsofgreatermitigationambition,aswellas
actions to better prepare for disasters. Stott andWalton (2013) highlight that attri-
butionof extremeweather events couldhelp aid agencies to encouragepreparation
fordisasters, and researchprojects arenowunderway todevelopattribution studies
withDRRagencies topilot suchanapproach (www.climatecentral.org).Promoting
mitigation could also be seen as an important element in relation toL&D.Several
interviewees in theBoyd et al. (2017) study highlighted that one of the important
goals of L&D negotiations is to heighten ambition to mitigate, in order to avoid
impacts and risks. If the interviewees and commentators are correct, that attribu-
tion evidence couldmotivatemitigation (see Parker et al. 2017a), presumably by
demonstrating quantitative evidence and examples of howGHGs and aerosols are
affectingpeople;thismotivatesfurtherattributionresearch,andalsofurthereffortsto
communicate theresults inanunderstandableformforpolicy-makersandthepublic
(followingexistingworke.g.wwa.climatecentral.org).
5.4.2 ProvidingEvidence forLiabilityandCompensation
Themost frequentlydiscussedapplicationsofattributionscience forL&Darguably
relate toliabilityandcompensation(Allen2003;Allenetal.2007;Stoneetal.2009;
ThompsonandOtto2015;Parkeretal.2016,2017a;ThorntonandCovington2016).
L&Dhasitsoriginsincallsfromsmall islandsstatesforsomeformofcompensation
for climate change impacts, particularly sea level rise (Mace andVerheyen 2016),
and L&D is sometimes still discussed with reference to some notion of a global
compensation mechanism. In this context, attribution is often raised in terms of
whether it could provide sufficient evidence for such amechanism (e.g.Craeynest
2010).Forexample,one interviewee fromBoydetal. (2017)’s studyexplained: “In
order tohave a reliableL&Dcompensationmechanism,you’ll need tohave avery
highconfidenceaboutthecausesofL&D,if thescienceisnot100%orclose, there’ll
alwaysbe roomtocontest” (see similardiscussions inParker et al. 2017a).Forone
stakeholder, attributionsciencewasevendescribedas thekey tounlocking liability:
“we don’t have to enter the rooms on liability and compensation, those doors are
Loss and Damage from Climate Change
Concepts, Methods and Policy Options
- Titel
- Loss and Damage from Climate Change
- Untertitel
- Concepts, Methods and Policy Options
- Autoren
- Reinhard Mechler
- Laurens M. Bouwer
- Thomas Schinko
- Swenja Surminski
- JoAnne Linnerooth-Bayer
- Verlag
- Springer Open
- Datum
- 2019
- Sprache
- englisch
- Lizenz
- CC BY 4.0
- ISBN
- 978-3-319-72026-5
- Abmessungen
- 16.0 x 24.0 cm
- Seiten
- 580
- Schlagwörter
- Environment, Climate change, Environmental law, Environmental policy, Risk management
- Kategorien
- International
- Naturwissenschaften Umwelt und Klima