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208 O.Serdeczny
ExamplesofindirectlyinducedNELDchangeincludeadverseimpactsonhuman
healthfollowingthecontaminationoffreshwaterduetosealevelriseorheavyflood-
ing (Nunn 2009). Loss of sense of place, traditional knowledge or cultural iden-
tity are often indirect consequences of climate change ifmigration is necessary for
populations or individuals to safeguard their survival (see chapter byHeslin et al.
2018).Migrationisfrequentlyframedasaformofadaptationdeliberatelychosenby
migrants (Tacoli 2009).However, indirect non-economic losses are often incurred
involuntarily as negative side-effects of adaptation. For example, following heavy
flooding and submersion of informal housing inDouala, Cameroon a government
officialwasquotedsaying:“Wethink theonlywaytoputanendtosuchcatastrophe
inthe future is todemolishandforcepeopleoutof theseriskyandvulnerablezones”
(Ngalame 2015). While such decisions are certain to avoid some non-economic
losses,mostnotably lossofhuman lives, itmayalso lead to lossof social cohesion
andagency.This showshowpreservingnon-economicvalues is complicated in sit-
uations of necessary trade-offs,whichoftenoccur in the context of climate change
and resource scarcity.
The first three reports that have been published on NELD yield a catalogue
of diverse recorded types of NELD that are summarised and categorised in
Table8.1/Fig.8.1. (UNFCCC2013a—sameasFankhauserandDietz2014;Morris-
seyandOliver-Smith2013;Andrei et al. 2015).Thestudies relyeitheron literature
review (UNFCCC2013) expert knowledge (Morrissey andOliver-Smith 2013) or
interviews (Andrei et al. 2015).
AllauthorsreferencedinTable8.1/Fig.8.1stress thatpresentedtypesandrelated
cases are often inter-related with economic losses. Further, it is stressed that the
lists provided are non-exhaustive: Climate impacts in other regional settings and
cultural value systems can in principle result in different and additional types of
NELD than those listed here, depending on respective cultural values. Reporting
biasintheliteraturemaymeanthatNELD—bothtypesandinstances—gounnoticed
eitherbecausetheyarenotcomprehensivelyinvestigatedorbecauselossesinregions
where theyoccur are not assessed.This has led to calls for a stronger involvement
ofqualitativeclimate impact research (Tschakert2015).
8.3 ConceptualisingNELD
InordertobetterunderstandwhysuchhighlydiverseNELDasdisplayedinTable8.1
is grouped under one activity area under theWIM it is helpful to direct attention
at the shared attributes of non-economic values: (i) context-dependence and (ii)
incommensurability, i.e. the lack of a common unit of measurement (see below).
TheseattributesalsoshedlightonsomeofthechallengesthatNELDposetodecision-
andpolicy-making,particularly in thecentralisedsettingof theUNFCCC.
Loss and Damage from Climate Change
Concepts, Methods and Policy Options
- Titel
- Loss and Damage from Climate Change
- Untertitel
- Concepts, Methods and Policy Options
- Autoren
- Reinhard Mechler
- Laurens M. Bouwer
- Thomas Schinko
- Swenja Surminski
- JoAnne Linnerooth-Bayer
- Verlag
- Springer Open
- Datum
- 2019
- Sprache
- englisch
- Lizenz
- CC BY 4.0
- ISBN
- 978-3-319-72026-5
- Abmessungen
- 16.0 x 24.0 cm
- Seiten
- 580
- Schlagwörter
- Environment, Climate change, Environmental law, Environmental policy, Risk management
- Kategorien
- International
- Naturwissenschaften Umwelt und Klima