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10 DisplacementandResettlement:Understanding… 251 ical Islamist organisation referred to asBokoHaram (Deckard et al. 2015;Walker 2012). With the rise ofBokoHaramhas come relentless attacks againstNigerian secu- lar institutions—especially in theNorth (Mohammed2014;Agbiboa2013).Actual deaths since 2009 number approximately 100,000 (Tukur 2017), and churches (Michael Kpughe 2017), schools (Aghedo and Osumah 2012) and public spaces (Maiangwa et al. 2012) have all been targeted. The relentless violence has been metby similar attacksby theNigerianmilitary—resulting in thousandsmorecivil- ian casualties. As of 2017, Boko Haram has displaced an estimated twomillion NorthernNigerians, sendingfamiliesfleeing throughoutNigeriaand into theneigh- bouring countries of Chad and Cameroon (Tukur 2017). Certainly, the actions of individualBokoHaramandNigeriamilitarymembersaretoblamefor thisdisplace- ment,butalsoworthunderstandingis thewayinwhichslow-movingenvironmental degradationhas contributed to theconflict between the twoparties, and subsequent displacementofmillions. In thestoriesof thedisplaced, there ismuchdiscussionof deterioratingconditionsandawishtoreturntonotonlythegeographicalhome—but thetraditionalone(Jacobetal.2016).Giventherealitiesofclimatechange,however, this traditional homemaybe considered afictive one, as livelihoods are no longer sustainable. 10.4.4 TheDeforestationof theSouthernCone and theUrbanisationof theCampesino In the consideration of climate change as a driver of migration, we can see the ways inwhich natural disasters and sea-level rise displace populations, aswell as consequences of damages to traditional livelihoods in the case ofNigeria. In addi- tion to examples of displacement and conflict relating to climate change, there are development-relatedphenomenathatarecausalagentsofclimatechange,whilealso working to drivemigration. In such cases, as people are systematicallymoved, the landisclearedforfurtherdevelopment,spurringbothclimatechangeat thelocaland global level and a continued feedback loop ofmigration and further development. Here, we treat the specific issue of monoculture-propelled deforestation in South America’sSouthernCone—adocumentedcauseof thetypeofslow-movingclimate change thatpushes intergenerationalmovement (Bonan2008). Soybeanmonoculture increasingly defines the landscape of the SouthernCone and the lives of the people in it (Oliveira andHecht 2016). The link between soy, deforestationandchangingclimate iswell-documented inboth the scholarly litera- tureand thecollectivememoryofcommunities tornapartbysoy(Fehlenberg, et al. 2017; Hetherington 2011). As deforestation continues apace, realities for peasant campesinos inParaguay,Argentina, andBrazil arebeingupended (Fair2011). Inresponsetotheirwholesaledispossessionat thehandsofagribusinessandwith the collusion of the various national governments, campesinos have beenmigrat-