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12 IntegratedDisasterRiskManagementandAdaptation 311
12.7 Synthesis
Thischapterhasdiscussedintegratedapproaches to themanagementofrisksrelated
to extremeweather andclimate change in the context ofLoss andDamage (L&D).
Weparticularlyfocusonrisksfromextremeweather,whichareexpectedtoincrease
infrequencyandintensityinmanyregionsaroundtheglobe.Wefollowthedefinition
ofL&Dasstrategies thatfocusontheresidualrisksthatremainafter(cost-effective)
adaptation strategies have been implemented. Integrated riskmanagement implies
thataholisticviewis taken in interventionsaimedat reducinghazard,vulnerability,
andexposuretonaturaldisasters.Wediscussedavarietyofsuchstrategies,likeflood-
protectionaimedatpreventinghazards,individualscaledamagemitigationmeasures
that reduce vulnerability of buildings to flood impactswhich can be formalised in
buildingcode regulations, zoningpolicies that aim to limit (growth in) exposureof
properties tonaturalhazards, and insurance forcovering residual risk.
Themainconclusions fromthis chapter canbesummarisedas follows:
• Riskassessmentmethodsareanimportantfirst step inorder to identifyrisk levels
on a spatial scale. The mapping of areas with high hazard and risk can guide
whereriskmanagementstrategiesmaybeneeded.Estimationoffutureriskunder
scenarios of climate change provides insights into the needs for adaptation and
L&Dmeasures to limitpossible residual risks, aswe illustrated forHoChiMinh
City.
• Cost-benefitanalysis allows foraprioritisationof riskmanagement interventions
basedoneconomicefficiencycriteria.Thismethodallowsforidentifyingeconom-
icallydesirable riskmanagement strategiesandadaptationoptions.Theexpected
reduced risk delivered by a strategy is an important benefit category and can be
estimatedusingaprobabilistic natural disaster risk assessmentusingavarietyof
scenarios,asourcasestudyoffloodriskinHoChiMinhCityillustrated.Moreover,
thecasestudyfor theNetherlandsshowedthatasocietalcost-benefitanalysiscan
also include important intangiblewelfare effects, like the prevented loss of life
and increased feelings of safety fromflood protection.Moreover, multi-criteria
analysis can be used for evaluations of riskmanagement strategieswith effects
that arechallenging toexpress inmonetary terms.
• Inaddition topublicnaturaldisasterprotectionmeasures it is increasingly recog-
nised thatmeasures taken at the individual scale can be important complements
in limiting the impacts of natural disasters.However, fewempirical studies have
examinedthedamagesavingsthat thesemeasurescanachieveandtheireconomic
efficiency.Our case studies forGermany illustrated that in the case of flood, the
implementationof household levelmeasures haveprevented significant amounts
of damage during flood events. Several low-cost measures exist that are cost-
effective inflood-proneregions.Moreover,ourcasestudyofpoorcommunities in
Mexicoshowedthat several lowcost-optionsareavailable forhouseholds tocope
with frequent severefloodevents, andhowthe implementationof suchoptions is
enhancedbycommunity level actions, like raising riskawareness.
Loss and Damage from Climate Change
Concepts, Methods and Policy Options
- Titel
- Loss and Damage from Climate Change
- Untertitel
- Concepts, Methods and Policy Options
- Autoren
- Reinhard Mechler
- Laurens M. Bouwer
- Thomas Schinko
- Swenja Surminski
- JoAnne Linnerooth-Bayer
- Verlag
- Springer Open
- Datum
- 2019
- Sprache
- englisch
- Lizenz
- CC BY 4.0
- ISBN
- 978-3-319-72026-5
- Abmessungen
- 16.0 x 24.0 cm
- Seiten
- 580
- Schlagwörter
- Environment, Climate change, Environmental law, Environmental policy, Risk management
- Kategorien
- International
- Naturwissenschaften Umwelt und Klima