Seite - 403 - in Loss and Damage from Climate Change - Concepts, Methods and Policy Options

17 SupportingClimateRiskManagementatScale… 403 Fig.17.4 Adaptivemanagement cycle used in the ZFRA to foster Shared Resilience Learning. Source IIASAandZurich2015 17.4.2 BoundaryProcesses for theMethodological Framework:AdaptiveManagement forShared ResilienceLearning It iswell understood that enhancing (flood) resilience is a learning process,which can alsobedescribed throughan ‘adaptivemanagement cycle’. The adaptiveman- agementcyclecontainsthestepsrequiredinanyprocesstoenhancecommunityflood resilience.InordertolinkDRMandCCAinpractice,theliteraturehasmovedtowards suggestingamorereflexive-participativeapproach.Acknowledgingtheuncertainties andcomplexities inherent insocial–ecological systems impactedbyclimate-related risks, analysts have started to emphasise iterative and adaptive learning (see, e.g., O’Brien et al. 2012;Mochizuki et al. 2015).Lavell et al. (2012) suggest a learning loopframeworkthat integratesdifferent learningtheories,suchasexperiential learn- ing (Kolb1984), adaptivemanagement (Holling1978) and transformative learning (Mezirow 1995). This framework distinguishes three different loops according to thedegree that theseprocesses support transformational changeofCRMstrategies. Figure 17.4 shows the key stages and tools of the learning cycle, which for the Allianceworkwas termed the“SharedResilienceLearningDialogue.”