Seite - 425 - in Loss and Damage from Climate Change - Concepts, Methods and Policy Options

Chapter18 LossandDamage in theRapidly ChangingArctic MiaLandauerandSirkkuJuhola Abstract Arctic climate change ishappeningmuch faster than theglobal average. Arctic change also has global consequences, in addition to local ones. Scientific evidenceshowsthatmeltwaterofArcticsourcescontributes tosea-level risesignifi- cantlywhileaccountingfor35%ofcurrentglobalsea-levelrise.Arcticcommunities have to findways to dealwith rapidly changing environmental conditions that are leadingtosocial impactssuchasoutmigration,similarlytotheglobalSouth.Interna- tionaldebatesonLossandDamagehavenotaddressed theArctic so far.Wereview literature to showwhat impacts of climate change are alreadyvisible in theArctic, andpresent localcases inorder toprovideempiricalevidenceof lossesanddamages in theArctic region. This evidence is particularlywell presented in the context of outmigration and relocation ofwhichwehighlight examples. The review reveals a need for newgovernancemechanisms and institutional frameworks to tackle Loss andDamage.Finally,wediscusswhat implicationsArctic lossesanddamageshave for the internationaldebate. Keywords Arctic ·Climate risk ·Adaptation ·Vulnerability · Indigenous people ·Communities ·Policy M.Landauer (B) ArcticCentre,UniversityofLapland,Rovaniemi,Finland e-mail:mia.landauer@ulapland.fi; landauem@iiasa.ac.at M.Landauer RiskandResilienceProgramandArcticFutures Initiative, International Institute forApplied SystemsAnalysis (IIASA),Laxenburg,Austria S. Juhola EcosystemsandEnvironmentResearchProgramme,UniversityofHelsinki,Helsinki,Finland S. Juhola DepartmentofThematicStudies,LinköpingUniversity,Linköping,Sweden S. Juhola HelsinkiSustainabilityScience Institute (HELSUS),Helsinki,Finland ©TheAuthor(s)2019 R.Mechler et al. (eds.),LossandDamage fromClimateChange,ClimateRisk Management,PolicyandGovernance,https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72026-5_18 425