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19 TowardsEstablishingaNationalMechanism… 453
proposednewmechanismwillbeacentralisedframeworkforaccounting,coordinat-
ing,disbursingfinance,monitoringandevaluatingprograms thataddress lossesand
damagesfromclimatechange.Theproposedmechanismwill facilitateandincorpo-
rateclimate induced lossesanddamages intobothclimateanddisasterpolicies and
address these lossesanddamagesforamorecomprehensiveandlong-termresponse
toclimatechange.
Thischapter isdividedintofourparts: (i)Adiscussionof the lossesanddamages
facing Bangladesh from various climatic hazards; (ii) A presentation of policies
and procedures of MoDMR including the national plan, laws governing disaster
management and the procedures immediately following a disaster; aswell as (iii)
An elaboration of the policies of the MoEF including the laws, institutions and
strategic plans that govern climate changewithin theministry; and (iv)Reflection
on current efforts undertaken by the government, researchers, experts and NGOs
towardsestablishinganationalmechanismtoaddress lossanddamage.
19.2 LossesandDamages fromClimate-RelatedHazards
FacingBangladesh
Bangladeshisaffectedbybothslow-andrapid-onsetclimaticeventsandexperiences,
amongothersflooding,cyclones,drought, sea-level rise, shiftingpatterns in rainfall
andrisingtemperatures(seeFig.19.1foramulti-hazardmap).Thefollowingcaptures
theevidenceonobservedandprojected lossesanddamages1 facedby thecountry.
Flooding
Being themost commonclimatic hazard facing the country, floods inundate nearly
25%ofthecountryeveryyearandaseverefloodoccursevery4or5yearssubmerging
over 60%of the country (Nishat et al. 2013; seeFig. 19.2). Floods result in loss of
lives,crops,homesanddamage to infrastructureandassets.Observeddata fromthe
Bangladesh’sMeteorologicalDepartmentshowthatrainfallisbecomingincreasingly
erratic.With increasingglobal temperaturesabove2°C, rainfallcould increasewith
a significant impactonflood levels (Mirza2002).
Ontheotherhand,Nishatetal. (2013)posit thatover theyears thedeathtoll from
extremeevents includingcyclonesandfloodinghasdecreased,ashas theseverityof
1Althoughmanydefinitions of losses and damages exist, for the purpose of this chapter,wefirst
breakdowntheconceptintothetwoterms:lossesanddamages(fordefinitions,seealsoseechapter
byMechler et al. 2018).Wedefine losses as impacts that “are lost forever and cannot be brought
backoncelost,“anddamagesasharmtosomething“thatcanberepaired,suchasaroadorbuilding
orembankment.”(DurandandHuq2015).Thisapproachhighlightsthedifferentimplicationsofthe
twotypesof impacts,andmaycreateapolicyspacetoenabledifferentsupportiveresponses.When
wetie these twoconcepts together,DurandandHuq’sdefinitionof lossesanddamagesholdswhen
thecostsofadaptationarenot recuperated;orwhenadaptationefforts are ineffective,maladaptive
inthelongtermoraltogetherimpossible.WarnerandVanderGeestandWarner’s(2015)definition,
“the negative effects of climate variability and climate change that people have not been able to
copewithoradapt to,” is also relevant inourunderstandingof the issue.
Loss and Damage from Climate Change
Concepts, Methods and Policy Options
- Titel
- Loss and Damage from Climate Change
- Untertitel
- Concepts, Methods and Policy Options
- Autoren
- Reinhard Mechler
- Laurens M. Bouwer
- Thomas Schinko
- Swenja Surminski
- JoAnne Linnerooth-Bayer
- Verlag
- Springer Open
- Datum
- 2019
- Sprache
- englisch
- Lizenz
- CC BY 4.0
- ISBN
- 978-3-319-72026-5
- Abmessungen
- 16.0 x 24.0 cm
- Seiten
- 580
- Schlagwörter
- Environment, Climate change, Environmental law, Environmental policy, Risk management
- Kategorien
- International
- Naturwissenschaften Umwelt und Klima