Seite - 524 - in Loss and Damage from Climate Change - Concepts, Methods and Policy Options

524 M.vandenHombergandC.McQuistan Table22.2 Overviewof public and private flood risk actions and their intended effect on losses anddamages Adjustment SpectrumandTiming Privateaction; Tech level:Examples Publicaction; Tech level:Examples Objective Incremental DRR-preparedness.Short-term, exante Basic:Fishermen puttingfishnet around fishingpondafter receivingearly warning Basic:NGOlocating relief itemscloser to thepredicted to-be- affectedarea. Increase responsecapacityof communities Risk reduction; Limited increaseof avoidable lossesand damages DRR-risk reduction;CCA. Medium-term; fornext year’s floods; exante Basic:Ahousehold raises itsplinths/floors anddiversifiescrops Intermediate to Advanced:AnNMHS improves its hydro-meteorological modellingso that forecastswithbetter lead timesandspatial resolutionbecome available. Government-led irrigationsystem, buildingofdykes Risk reduction; Moderate increaseof avoidable lossesand damages Humanitarianaid.Directlyafter floods; expost Basic/none:Support fromwithin the community Intermediate: Post-disasterpublic anddonorassistance, suchas relief itemsor cash transfers to householdsand money togovernments for reconstructionof, e.g., roadsand embankments Risk retention; Compensation for unavoided lossesand damages non-attributable to climatechange Fundamental DRRandCCA(larger scaleor intensity).Long-term;over several years; exante Intermediate:Access interactivevoice response service toget meteorological and agricultural advice Intermediate: Improvingaccess to information through digital inclusion, e.g. providingearly warningservices in first languageof beneficiaries, voice SMSearlywarning service, nationwide coverageofmobile networks, lower taxationonmobile users Risk reduction; considerable increase ofavoidable losses anddamages DRRandCCA(newtoa particular regionor resource system).Mediumto long-term; exante Advanced: Crowdsourcingdata onwater levels from citizens Advanced: Damoperator changes itswayof releasing waterbyusing advanced forecasting models.Forecast basedfinancing.A rice research institute develops flood-tolerant rice Risk reduction; Softadaptation limit is stretched;whatwas considered unavoidablebefore becomesavoidable (continued)