Seite - 20 - in Media – Migration – Integration - European and North American Perspectives

Horst Pöttker | Successful Integration? 20 This early connection of violence to an immigrated minority in the local press is noteworthy, as the connection was taken up again and expanded during the “Riots of Herne” ten years later. At that time, the regional and national press, in particular the conservative Rhein-Westfälische Zeitung, warned against a “foreign infiltration” and a threat to German orderliness by the allegedly strike- and crime-affiliated Polish migrants (Kleßmann 1978, 75-82). Regional and national newspapers could afford to treat the Polish minority as a subject involving political conflict. In contrast to the Recklinghäuser Zeitung, such papers did not have to serve a large audience composed of several, if not all, social classes. This may be the main reason for the omission of the conflict- laden topic in the local reports of the Recklinghäuser Zeitung. 4. The press of the Ruhr Poles and its instrumentalization by the German administration Polish migrants in the Ruhr area could choose from many different Polish- language newspapers, most of which were published in one of the four Eastern provinces and then mailed to their readers. In Rhineland-Westphalia, the Gazeta grudziadzka from Graudenz was the most frequently read newspaper, which in 1911 had 5,000 subscribers in the main postal district of Dortmund alone. Other Polish papers with a high circulation were published in the Ruhr area itself, such as the oldest and most important among them, the Wiarus Polski, which was published in Bochum. Kleßmann describes the paper as the “central organ and organizational focus of Poles in the Ruhr area” (Kleßmann 1974). Another radical paper with Polish nationalist tendencies was the Narodowiec, with 2,700 subscribers and a total circulation of 3,000. Also, there were religious newspapers with a strict Roman Catholic orientation, such as Tygodnik Maryanski, and trade union papers, such as Glos Gornika. It is noteworthy that there was a definite lack of a unionist, social democratic tendency among the newspapers that were published in the Ruhr area, as well as among the miners themselves. At the dawn of World War I, the total circulation of newspapers for Polish readers in the Ruhr area amounted to between 50,000 and 70,000. For a total Polish population of about 500,000, this number seems small – compared to the German segment of the population, in which case there was one newspaper for every third person. Yet, this number should be seen in light of the fact that the migrant population was mostly of rural background and often had only little formal schooling. Apparently, among Polish migrants there was a strong need to communicate in their familiar language – a need which certainly contributed to the formation of a culturally defined group identity.