Seite - 534 - in Menschenrechte und Gerechtigkeit als bleibende Aufgaben - Beiträge aus Religion, Theologie, Ethik, Recht und Wirtschaft

© 2020, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht GmbH & Co. KG, Göttingen ISBN Print: 9783847111658 – ISBN E-Lib: 9783737011655 may pose. Some commentatorswarn of a dystopian future,with the displace- ment of humans by superintelligences and deepening polarisation and in- equality. Others anticipate a future of greater wealth and opportunity and of significant scientific advances. Whatever the ultimate outcome however, the acceleratingdevelopments inAI andmachine learningwill continue tohave a fundamentalimpactonallaspectsofourlivesandwillcontinuetobedeployedin the arenas of policing, health, justice, education, business,media andmilitary with sometimes dubious and often unanticipated outcomes. There have had beenmanyfalsedawnsinthefieldofartificialintelligenceinthelastfivedecades, andmany of the predictions about the ubiquity and impact of artificial in- telligence have notmaterialised. However technological developments partic- ularly inthe lastdecadesuggest thatathresholdhasnowbeenreachedwhereby thecombined impactofdeep learning,bigdataandsignificantglobal financial investment in these technologies is transforming core activities acrossmany different sectors,with thepotential for significant societal impact. 2. PublicPerceptionsofAI:Ambivalence AlthoughpublicdiscussionofAIhasebbedandflowedsincethe1950swhenthe languageofAIfirstbegantobeused, thetopichashadarenaissance inthepast decade. Analysing the long-term trends in the public perception of AI over a 30-yearperiod,FastandHorvitznotethatdiscussionofAIhasincreasedsharply since 2009, and that these discussions have been consistentlymore optimistic thanpessimistic.Theyhavefoundthat‘hopesforAIinhealthcareandeducation have increasedover time,’however,whenexaminingspecificaspectsofAIthey findthat‘worriesoflossofcontrolofAI,ethicalconcernsforAI,andthenegative impactofAIonworkhavegrowninrecentyears.’1Thesefindingsaremirroredin recentcountry-specific investigationsofthepublicperceptionofAI. In2016the RoyalSocietycommissionedIPSOSMORI2tosurvey1,000UKresidentsontheir knowledgeofandperceptionof thebenefitsofdeeplearningandAIindifferent spheresof life.Thosesurveyedsawthegreatestpotentialbenefits inthefieldsof healthcare and education. However, although people could see some benefits with theuseofAI inother fields, thesewereovershadowedbypublicdisquiet. WithAIdeployment in the fieldof social care respondentswereworriedabout the loss of human interaction, in the field ofmarketing there was significant 1 EthanFast/EricHorvitz,Long-TermTrendsinthePublicPerceptionofArtificialIntelligence, Proceedingsof theAssociationfor theAdvancementofArtificial Intelligence,2017,pp. 963– 969. 2 IPSOSMori, Public Views ofMachine Learning, Findings from public research and eng- agementconductedonbehalfof theRoyalSociety,London2017. LindaHogan534 Open-Access-Publikation im Sinne der CC-Lizenz BY 4.0