Seite - 535 - in Menschenrechte und Gerechtigkeit als bleibende Aufgaben - Beiträge aus Religion, Theologie, Ethik, Recht und Wirtschaft

© 2020, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht GmbH & Co. KG, Göttingen ISBN Print: 9783847111658 – ISBN E-Lib: 9783737011655 concernaboutmanipulation, and in the fieldof finance theyexpressedunease about financialmonitoring.DeployingAI inthecontextofcrimedetectionand assessingriskofoffendingwasalsoseentohavebenefits.However,respondents werenervous about thedangers of stereotyping.The 2018Bristows reportAr- tificial Intelligence: Public Perception, Attitude andTrustprovides amore ex- tensive analysis of the UK public’s understanding of, expectations from and attitudes to theuseofAI. It concludedthatpublicunderstandingofAI isbroad butnotdeep, thatexpectationsarehigh,butcertainlynotentirelypositive, that youngpeoplearemostoptimisticaboutAI,thatemploymentconcernsexist,but potentialworkplacebenefits areacknowledged, and thatprivacyanddatapro- tection implications arenotwell understood.3Respondents also indicated that theAI industryshouldbeaccountableandresponsible to thepublic,withmore than two-thirds believing that AI should be regulated by governments or su- pra-national regulatory bodies, as well as wanting self-regulation by the AI industry.The2017EurobarometerAttitudes towards the impact ofdigitisation andautomationondaily life4 is perhaps themost extensive analysis of public perception of AI since it is based on face-to-face interviews with 28,000 EU citizens fromdifferent social and demographic categories in their native lan- guage in the 28Member States.Here againmost of respondentswere positive about the impact themost recent digital technologies havehadonsociety, the economy and their quality of life, although, similar to the Fast and Horvitz findings, therewere significant variations based on age, social is class educa- tionalattainmentandgender.Trust inonlinesocialnetworkstoriesisweak,and related to the reliability of the brand, and citizens expect companies, national governments andEUinstitutions to take action inorder tomanage thedigital changes.TheanalysisofacomparablesurveyintheUSAwasreleasedinJanuary 2019. ProducedbyZhang andDafoe, andpart-fundedby theEthics andGov- ernanceofAIFund‘Artificial Intelligence:AmericanAttitudesandTrends’also shows that there ismixed support forAI and that, like inEurope, support for developingAI is greateramong thosewhoarewealthy, educated,male, orhave experiencewith technology. There are also varying degrees of trust in organ- izations’ capacity to develop and manage AI for the best interests of the public.5Regardingtheinstitutionsinwhichthosesurveyedhaveconfidenceto manage the implications ofAI in the best interests of the public, results in- dicate that there is ‘a fair amount of confidence’ in universities, the U.S. military, and various scientific organizations, technology companies (ex- 3 Bristows,Artificial Intelligence:PublicPerception,AttitudeandTrust,London2018. 4 European Commission, Eurobarometer, Attitudes towards the impact of digitisation and automationondaily life,Brussels2017. 5 BaobaoZhang/AllanDafoe,ArtificialIntelligence:AmericanAttitudesandTrends,Centerfor theGovernanceofAI,FutureofHumanity Institute,UniversityofOxford, January2019. DesigninganEthicalFuture:CanArtificial IntelligenceHelp? 535 Open-Access-Publikation im Sinne der CC-Lizenz BY 4.0