Seite - 540 - in Menschenrechte und Gerechtigkeit als bleibende Aufgaben - Beiträge aus Religion, Theologie, Ethik, Recht und Wirtschaft

© 2020, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht GmbH & Co. KG, Göttingen ISBN Print: 9783847111658 – ISBN E-Lib: 9783737011655 humanagencyandoversight, technical robustnessandsafety,privacyanddata governance, transparency, diversity, non-discrimination and fairness, societal and environmental well-being and accountability. In addition, it establishes a concrete andnon-exhaustive assessment list aimedat operationalising thekey requirements of Trustworthy AI. Taken together this multi-levelled initiative givesconcrete expressionto theprecautionaryprinciple thathas longbeenthe hallmarkofEUresponses to technological development. It also recognises the importanceofproportionality in respectof risks.Theassessment list foroper- ationalisingTrustworthyAIisbeingpilotedindifferentcontextsandbymultiple stakeholders (there isanOpenCall forparticipants)andthis, togetherwiththe creation of a forum to exchange best practices for the implementation of TrustworthyAIindicatestheseriousnesswithwhichtheEUispursuingthispath. Although only recently released, the ‘Ethics Guidelines’ have already been criticised, both by thosewhobelieve that ‘Europewill notwin theAI race by philosophizingontheside-linesorapplyingtheprecautionaryprincipletoAI’18 and those who believe that ‘the Trustworthy AI narrative is, in reality, about developingfuturemarketsandusingethicsdebatesaselegantpublicdecorations fora large-scale investmentstrategy.’19Onthis latterpoint,Metzingerhascome to this conclusion, in part because of what he regards as the dominance of industry representatives on the Expert Group as well the side-lining and co-optionofethiciststoindustryinterests.Whateverthetruthofthisperception, theEU‘EthicsGuidelines’representasignificantmilestoneinthearticulationof an international standard for trustworthy AI. Moreover, notwithstanding the EuropeanUnion’s leadership intheconversationaboutethicalAI, thescientists andengineers responsible fordeveloping these technologieshavealsoplayeda key role in highlighting the need for ethical considerations to be part of the designprocess.Already in2015theIEEEreleasedits ‘EthicallyAlignedDesign’, whichis focusedonensuringthatevery ‘stakeholder involvedinthedesignand development of autonomous and intelligent systems is educated, trained, and empowered to prioritize ethical considerations so that these technologies are advanced for the benefit of humanity.’20 The 2017 Asilomar ‘Conference on Beneficial AI’ also drew significant numbers of industry stakeholders, re- searchers, andengineers and the resulting ‘AsilomarPrinciples’ commit to the alignment in AI design and use with the values of dignity freedom, cultural 18 See: https://www.euronews.com/2019/02/05/the-eu-s-softball-approach-to-artificial-intelli gence-will-lose-to-china-s-hardball-view(accessedonMay21st2019). 19 ThisistheviewofThomasMetzinger,ProfessorofTheoreticalPhilosophyattheUniversityof Mainz and a member of the AI HLEG, see: https://www.tagesspiegel.de/politik/eu-gui delines-ethics-washing-made-in-europe/24195496.html (accessedonMay21st2019). 20 IEEE,EthicallyAlignedDesign2018, see: https://standards.ieee.org/industry-connections/ ec/autonomous-systems.html (accessedonMay21st2019). LindaHogan540 Open-Access-Publikation im Sinne der CC-Lizenz BY 4.0