Seite - 37 - in Advances in Neuroimmunology

BrainSci. 2016,6, 6 wrote thesectionsonhypoxiaandsynaptic signalingandhypoxiaandsynapticplasticity. SineadLaniganwrote the introductionandedited thefinalversionof themanuscript andfigures. John J.O’Connor conceivedand designed theexperiments referred to in the review, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools andwrote thepaper. Conflictsof Interest:Theauthorsdeclarenoconflictof interest. Abbreviations A1Rs AdenosineA1 receptors AMP adenosinemonophosphate AMPARs α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionicacidreceptors ATP adenosine triphosphate BDNF brain-derivedneurotrophic factor CaMKII calmodulin-dependentproteinkinase II CIH chronic intermittenthypoxia CNS centralnervoussystem CREB cAMPresponseelement-bindingprotein DMOG dimethyloxaloglycine DPCPX 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine EPSP excitatorypost-synapticpotential ERK extracellularsignal-regulatedkinases HIF hypoxia inducible factors HRE hypoxic responsiveelement IL-1β interleukin-1beta iNOS induciblenitricoxidesynthase LPS lipopolysaccharide LTP long-termpotentiation NFkB nuclear factorkB NMDAR N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors PHDs prolylhydroxyldomains PI3K phosphatidyl-inositol-3kinase ROCK Rho-associatedproteinkinase ROS reactiveoxygenspecies TNF-α tumornecrosis factoralpha References 1. Sharp, F.R.; Bernaudin,M.HIF1 andoxygen sensing in the brain. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 2004, 5, 437–448. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 2. Bickler,P.E.;Donohoe,P.H.Adaptive responsesofvertebrateneurons tohypoxia. J. Exp. Biol. 2002,205, 3579–3586. 3. Eltzschig,H.K.;Bratton,D.L.;Colgan,S.P.Targetinghypoxiasignalingfor the treatmentof ischaemicand inflammatorydiseases.Nat. Rev.DrugDiscov. 2014,13, 852–869. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 4. Corcoran,A.;O’Connor, J.J.Hypoxia-inducible factorsignalingmechanisms in thecentralnervoussystem. ActaPhysiol. 2013,208, 298–310. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 5. Moroz,E.;Carlin,S.;Dyomina,K.;Burke,S.;Thaler,H.T.;Blasberg,R.;Serganova, I.Real-timeimagingof HIF-1αstabilizationanddegradation.PLoSONE2009,4, e5077. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 6. Webb, J.D.;Coleman,M.L.;Pugh,C.W.Hypoxia,hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF),HIFhydroxylasesand oxygensensing.Cell.Mol. LifeSci. 2009,66, 3539–3554. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 7. Semenza,G.L.Oxygensensing,hypoxia-inducible factors,anddiseasepathophysiology.Annu.Rev. Pathol. 2014,9, 47–71. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 37