Seite - 91 - in Advances in Neuroimmunology

BrainSci. 2016,6, 25 Inthehippocampus,CCL2(Figure5A)increasedwithstress(byapproximately50%),buttheeffect ofWCEwasmoredramatic (129%ofcontrol)andsignificantlyhigher thanthat forstress. Incontrast, whileWCE tended to increaseTNFα in this region, no significant effectswere found in response to stress (Figure 5B),with a similar result forTLR4 (Figure 5D).With regard to IL-1β (Figure 5C), bothstressandWCEcomparably inducedthiscytokine. Finally, in theamygdala (Figure6), therewas noeffectof stressaloneonanymeasure (p>0.05), althoughWCEsignificantly increasedCCL2relative tostress levels. Figure 5. Effects of restraint stress orWCE for hippocampal neuroimmunemRNAs. For CCL2, therewasanoverall effectof the treatments (F(2,34)=10.54,p<0.001)andasignificanteffectofWCE relative tostressorcontrol. Thetrendtowardastresseffectwasnotsignificant. Similarly,anoverall trend toward a significant effect of treatments for TNFαwasnot significant (p=0.07). For IL-1β, therewasanoverall significanteffectof treatments (F(2,34)=4.98,p<0.05)withsignificanteffectsof stressandWCErelative tocontrols. Finally, therewerenosignificanteffects foundwithTLR4mRNA. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ****p<0.0001versusControls.A,B,C, andDdelineatedata forCCL2,TNFα, IL-1βandTLR4mRNAs, respectively, (n=9–13pergroup). 91