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R = 50. As R is further increased, nanocrystallites nucleate within the amorphous
phase at decreasingly lower thicknesses as indicated by the aÑ(a+nc) transition
thicknesses. Films nucleating crystallites and grown to sufficient thickness show the
(a+nc)Ñnc transition with crystallites coalescing at similarly decreasing thickness
with increasing R. The film at R = 60 nucleates crystallites at ~100 Å and coalescence
occurs at ~380 Å. These transitions occur much sooner for R = 80 leading to
nanocrystallite formation in the very beginning of the deposition, making it
unsuitable foranoptimumn-type layer insingle junctiona-Si:Hdevices.
The growth evolution diagrams of n‐type, intrinsic, and p‐type Si:H layers in the n‐i‐p/BR/glass
configuration are depicted
in Figure
6. The n‐type
Si:H layers
are
prepared
at T =
200°C,
p
=
1.5 Torr,
P
=
0.032
W/cm2,
and
D
=
0.0125
as
a
function
of
R
varied
from
20
to
80.
For
R
<
50
the
n‐layer
remains
amorphous at least to a thickness of 500 Å. At R = 50 nanocrystallites nucleate in the n‐type Si:H at
about 450 Å of bulk layer thickness. The amorphous material prior to the a
(a+nc) transition of
these depositions is protocrystalline [2]. A ~200 Å thick n‐layer is typical for n‐i‐p configuration
devices, and the best R for optimized n‐i‐p a‐Si:H solar cells with a protocrystalline n‐layer is
identified here as near R = 50. As R is further increased, nanocrystallites nucleate within the
amorphous phase at decreasingly lower thi knesses as ind cated by the a (a+nc) transition
thicknesses. Films nucleating crystallites a d grown to sufficient thickness show the (a+nc) nc
transition
with
crystallites
coalescing
at
similarly decreasing thickness with increasing R. The film at
R
=
60
nucleates
crystallites
at
~100
Å
and
coalescence
occurs
at
~380
Å.
These
transitions
occur
much
sooner for R = 80 leading to nanocrystallite formation in the very beginning of the deposition,
making it
unsuitable
for
an optimum n‐type layer in single junction a‐Si:H devices.
(a)
(b)
(c)
Figure
6.
Growth
evolution
diagrams
obtained
from
analysis
of
RTSE
data
for
(a)
p‐type;
(b)
intrinsic;
and (c) n‐type Si:H as a function of variable hydrogen dilution R = [H2]/[SiH4] in the n‐i‐p solar cell
device structure. The data values and
connecting lines depict the a
(a+nc)
and (a+nc)
nc structural
transitions
of
doped
and
undoped
Si:H
prepared
at
conditions
described
in
Table
1.
Arrows
pointing
upward indicate the respective transition occurs beyond the maximum thickness measured.
In both n‐i‐p substrate and the p‐i‐n superstrate PV device configurations, most incident
photons are absorbed in the intrinsic layer with photo‐generated electrons and holes transported to
the contacts. Hence, optimization of i‐layer is critical and the optical response and phase
composition of these intrinsic layers tremendously impact solar cell performance. The intrinsic Si:H
Figure 6. Growth evolution diagrams obtained from analysis of RTSE data for
(a) p-type; (b) intrinsic; and (c) n-type Si:H as a function of variable hydrogen
dilution R = [H2]/[SiH4] in the n-i-p solar cell device structure. The data values
and connecting lin s d pict the aÑ(a+nc) and (a+nc)Ñnc structural transitions
ofdopedandundopedSi:HpreparedatconditionsdescribedinTable1. Arrows
pointing upward indicate the respective transition occurs beyond the maximum
thicknessmeasured.
80
Photovoltaic Materials and Electronic Devices
- Titel
- Photovoltaic Materials and Electronic Devices
- Autor
- Joshua M. Pearce
- Herausgeber
- MDPI
- Ort
- Basel
- Datum
- 2016
- Sprache
- englisch
- Lizenz
- CC BY-NC-ND 4.0
- ISBN
- 978-3-03842-217-4
- Abmessungen
- 17.0 x 24.4 cm
- Seiten
- 216
- Schlagwörter
- Perovskite, Plasmonics, Nanostructured Materials, Anti-Reflection Coatings, Transparent Conductive Oxides, Amorphous Silicon, Dye-sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs) Materials, Organic Photovoltaic Materials, Solar Energy Materials
- Kategorien
- Naturwissenschaften Physik
- Technik