Seite - 117 - in The Power of Urban Water - Studies in premodern urbanism

7 Aquatic Pasts& theWateryPresent:Water andMemory in the Foraof Rome 117 Aemilia and Julia, the Curia Julia, the rostra Julia (later the rostra Augusti), the Temples of Concordia,Saturn,andCastorandPollux,alongwith theadditionof theArcusAugusti,Temple ofDivus Iulius,andthePorticusGaiietLucii.70ThroughthenewAugustanbuildingprogramme, thepastwas celebratedwith the restorationof ancientmonuments, suchas the temples; how- ever, enoughwas altered and added in the forum to create a dynasticmonument for the new emperor. AndrewWallace-Hadrill argues that for Augustus the ForumRomanumwas ‘a new creation, carefully ‘antiqued’ in that specificmonuments (e.g. the sacellumofVenusCloacina) were kept, restored, and incorporated into thenewspace,while others (e.g. theold comitium) weredemolished, some tobe replacedelsewhere.71 Furthermore, with the addition of the Forum Iuliumand the ForumAugustum, the urban nodes of Romewere drastically altered, moving the city centre from ForumRomanum to the newImperialFora, ineffectmakingtheforumamuseum,a ‘showcaseofcollectivepastachieve- ments’, but no longer themain urban node of Rome.72 Many of themonuments of the forum were part of contemporaneous religious praxis, particularly given their inclusion into the new builtenvironmentof theAugustanperiod,but thenbecamepartofa largerhistoricalconscious- nessof theRomans in the Imperial era.Thecareful inclusionandrestorationsofancientmonu- ments that evokeanaquaticpastwere important for thecelebrationof thewaterynatureof the ForumRomanum,butalso thecommemorationof theemperorand thebounty thathebrought. Asonemoves to thesubsequent ImperialForaofRome,with thesuccessivespacesof Julius Caesar, Augustus, the Flavians,Nerva, andTrajan, there is then amarked shift inmonuments associatedwithwater (Fig.8).While there are stillmythological associationswithmonuments related towater, the Imperial Fora employ truewater-displays, or fountains.73With the influx of water that occurs in the Imperial period, the fora began to exploit actual water sources, 70 Formoreon these renovations andadditions, seeFavro 1996, 195–200. 71Wallace-Hadrill 1993, 51. 72 Favro 1996, 200. 73 Formoreon thedefinitionof awater-display, seeRogers 2018b, 46f. Fig. 8:Rome, Imperial Fora: ForumRomanum(A), BasilicaAemilia(B), ForumIulium(C), ForumAugustum(D), TemplumPacis(E), ForumTransi- torium (F), Forum Traiani (G), Underground Courseof the CloacaMaxima (H).