Seite - 239 - in The Power of Urban Water - Studies in premodern urbanism

14 Harbourscapes 239 vitte – amedieval place of (fish)-trade.34 Even if there is no direct evidence of a landing, a shallow drop to the Trave river and a wide beach zone are visible, and these ought to have made this an ideal landing location. In connectionwith this,DirkRiegerbrings thequestionof an early merchant’s church into play.35 The open space can certainly be defined as a public space. Comparable finds from this spacepoint to its use as amarketplace.Here it is important tonote that theconceptof themarketplacewasnot limited to theexchangeofgoods,but rather includedmanyother kindsofmaterial and immaterial practices and interactions. Count Adolf II von Schauenburg’s founding of the city has influenced the historical and archaeological scholarshiponthis topic formore thanahundredyears,and led to fourdifferent modelsof theearlycivitas.36Archaeologicallyspeaking,Schauenburg’s foundingof thecitycan bedivided into twophases, both ofwhich are clearly connected to the olderwaterfront settle- ment. The first phasematches the date of about 1143 for the city’s founding, the later phase dates fromthemid-1150s. In contrast to theapparentlyquite informal layoutof theearlywater- front settlement, thebuildingmeasures from1143onwards seemplanned.Aplannedapproach is observable in the schemewhereby the architecture of themain buildings is orientated to- wards the street front,with both openandbuilt-up courtyards, aswell as in the general infra- structure. In thisway, it appears that thearchitecture fromSchauenburg’s timewasmost likely individually executed, whereas the buildings from the later phase seem to have been strictly standardised. Theorientationof theseblocksof buildings in relation to theharbour is striking. Taken together, these factors indicate that there was amaster plan that reachedwell beyond individual properties, since underAdolf II therewasdefinitely expansion in the settlement, or perhaps even the creationof a structured settlement enclosure,withbuildings partitioned into blocks. It is plausible that suchmeasures could only have been implemented by royal decree, or through the representatives of theKing. The Slavic invasion of 1147 created a turning point in theseactivities.Even if theeffectsof this eventareassesseddifferentlybyvariousscholars,37 it is clear thatmore than just thebuildingstructures changedduring the second ‘Schauenburg- phase’ inLübeck.Theconstructionofanopenspace fora (later) forumat the topof theoldcity intentionally createdanewspace for interaction.Nonetheless, it is assumed that just asbefore, themajorityof exchanges tookplace in thebeachmarket, and itwasonlyduring the first thirty years of the 13th century that thenew inner-citymarket achieved the status of amainmarket. Although there is no concrete evidence of a harbour pre-dating the Schauenburg-period settlement of thewaterfront, consolidationmeasures were taken in the flood zone during the courseof themid-12th century (Figs. 7–8).This includedpolepilingsaround1157.Duringorafter 1164, we can see evidence of land reclamation to the north of the outcrop. This area, which remained largelyundeveloped, iscurrently interpretedasabeachmarketsetupstreamfromthe original settlement.38 Therewas expansionduring the followingdecades, includingmore land reclamationand theconstructionof abulkhead.Usedasaquay, thismade it possible for ships tomooralongside.Witha lengthofat least 200m, thiscreatedaharbour-front thatwouldhave beencompletedby the endof the 13th century at the latest. Itwas alsopart of the seaport and, accordingtostatements in thewrittensources, lay to thenorthof theHolstenbrücke.39D.Rieger and I. Schalies understand thesemeasures as parts of amaster-plan that aimed for expansion right from the foundationof the settlement, andultimatelyhad thewholeof theold city island 34 On this, Rieger 2019, 75–79. The findsalsopoint in this direction, asdoRieger’s considerations concerning the possibility of a churchof St Clement. 35 Rieger 2019, 73f. 36 Rieger 2019, 83 fig.43. 37 Rieger 2019, 89. 38 Schalies–Rieger 2019, 56. 39 Schalies 2014, 165.