Seite - 294 - in Programming for Computations – Python - A Gentle Introduction to Numerical Simulations with Python 3.6, Band Second Edition

294 9 SolvingPartialDifferentialEquations for i in range(1, N): rhs[i] = (beta/dx**2)*(u[i+1] - 2*u[i] + u[i-1]) + \ g(x[i], t) rhs[N] = (beta/dx**2)*(2*u[N-1] + 2*dx*dudx(t) - 2*u[N]) + g(x[N], t) return rhs def u_exact(x, t): return (3*t + 2)*(x - L) def dudx(t): return (3*t + 2) def s(t): return u_exact(0, t) def dsdt(t): return 3*(-L) def g(x, t): return 3*(x-L) Note thatdudx(t) is the functionrepresentingtheγ parameter in (9.14).Alsonote that the rhs function relies on access to global variablesbeta,dx, L, and x, and global functionsdsdt,g, anddudx. We expect thesolution tobecorrect regardlessofN andΔt, so wecanchoosea smallN,N =4,andΔt=0.1.A test functionwithN=4goes like def test_diffusion_exact_linear(): global beta, dx, L, x # needed in rhs L = 1.5 beta = 0.5 N = 4 x = np.linspace(0, L, N+1) dx = x[1] - x[0] u = np.zeros(N+1) U_0 = np.zeros(N+1) U_0[0] = s(0) U_0[1:] = u_exact(x[1:], 0) dt = 0.1 print(dt) u, t = ode_FE(rhs, U_0, dt, T=1.2) tol = 1E-12 for i in range(0, u.shape[0]): diff = np.abs(u_exact(x, t[i]) - u[i,:]).max() assert diff < tol, ’diff={:.16g}’.format(diff) print(’diff={:g} at t={:g}’.format(diff, t[i])) WithN =4we reproducethe linear solutionexactly.Thisbringsconfidence to the implementation, which is just what we need for attacking a real physical problem next.