Seite - 85 - in The Future of Software Quality Assurance

Testing in the DigitalAge 85 Finally, an ethical dilemma is about feelings of people towards the intelligent machine. The 2013 Oscar-winning film Her shows how a man (actor Joaquin Phoenix) falls in love with his operatingsystem. From an ethical point of view, we maywonder ifweshouldallowamachinetoacknowledgeandreturnsuchfeelings. Privacy Privacyis thestateofbeingfreefromunwantedorundueintrusionordisturbancein one’sprivate life or affairs. Does the intelligent machine complywith privacy laws and regulations?The fuel of machine learningalgorithmsare data. They determine what the solution can and will do in the end. It has to be ensured that the gathered data and the insights gained from that data are aligned with the business goals. There are also legal constraints, which depend on national and international laws, regulations,andtheanalyzeddata.Especially theEUhaswith theGDPRoneof the strictest regulationswith theability for severefinancial sanctions. Databreachesoccur.That’sa fact.Thisgiveshackersaccess tosensitivesecurity information, such as that contained in email attachments, which should not be there in the first place. Privacy considerationsnow have a bigger scale and impact. They shouldbe handledcarefully,not only because of the social responsibility,but because legislation, like GDPR, must be compliedwith. Reference: there is an ISO standard forprivacy: ISO29100. HumanFriendliness Human friendliness refers to the level to which intelligent machines don’t cause harm to humans or humanity. Today, often the term “beneficial AI” is used in discussions about the attitude of Artificial General Intelligence towards human society. Mostof the leadingexpertsandcompaniesinAIsee therisk thatAIandrobotics can be used in warfare. This does not only challenge our current ethical norm, but alsoour instinctof self-preservation. The Futureof Life Institute is takinga close lookat thesedangers.Theyare real andshouldbeconsideredwhendevelopingnewsolutions. Safety and security (especially in cobotics) are often confused, but they are not the same. Security is the protectionof the application against people (or machines) with bad intention. This is something other than safety that guarantees no harm comes to people. For robots this is very important since a coworker may want to know:howbig is thechancethat Iwillget abig ironarmagainstmyhead if I try to communicatewith this robot? It is often thought that robots and other intelligent machines will take over all labor from people. The fear that machines will take over all labor from people has beenexpressedmanytimesin the lastcoupleofcenturies.Andindeed,somehuman laborhasbeenautomated.But every timenewchallenging taskscame in return. This timeitwon’tbedifferent.Butaspecificphenomenonwillbe“backshoring.” In recentyears lotsofworkhasbeenoffshoredtocountrieswhere thehourlywages are lowest.Nowadays, robotscandoworkevencheaper,and24/7.Therefore, trans- port costs will be the determining factor. And consequently, work is “backshored” to the place where the result of the work is wanted. Which also bringssome highly