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Canada’s Racial Discrimination against First Nations Peoples
in Public Services and Programs
The November 15, 1907, headline of the Evening Citizen newspaper
in Ottawa read “Schools Aid White Plague: Startling Death Rolls
Revealed Among Indians—Absolute Inattention to Bare Necessities
of Health.”6 The article described the findings of Indian Affairs Health
Officer, Dr. Peter Bryce, linking inequalities in “Indian” health care
funding and poor health practises in the schools with the overwhelm-
ing death rates of residential school students. The federal govern-
ment took note of the inequality but did not fix it.7 The Truth and
Reconciliation Commission of Canada identified 3,200 deaths of stu-
dents in residential schools and the Chief Commissioners estimates
that up to 6,000 children may have lost their lives due to preventable
disease and maltreatment.8 Overall, children in residential schools
had the same odds of dying as a soldier in the Second World War.9
Many other credible voices have chronicled the inequalities
in First Nations public services, and proposed solutions to remedy
them, including the Office of the Auditor General of Canada,10 the
National Inquiry into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women,11
and the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada,12 as well as
6. “Schools Aid White Plague” TheÂ
EveningÂ
Citizen, 1907, cited in Travis Hay, Cindy
Blackstock & Michael Kirlew, “Dr. Peter Bryce (1853–1932): whistleblower on
residential schools” (2020) 192:9 CMJA 223 at 224.
7. Ibid at 224.
8. Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, Canada’s Residential Schools:Â
MissingÂ
ChildrenÂ
andÂ
UnmarkedÂ
Burials, vol 4 (Winnipeg: Truth and Reconciliation
Commission of Canada, 2015) at 1; Chinta Puxley, “How many First Nations kids
died in residential schools? Justice Murray Sinclair says Canada needs answers”,
Toronto Star (31 May 2015), online: <www.thestar.com/news/canada/2015/05/31/
how-many-first-nations-kids-died-in-residential-schools-justice-murray-sin-
clair-says-canada-needs-answers.html>.
9. Daniel Schwartz, “Truth and Reconciliation Commission: By the numbers”,
CBC News (2 June 2015), online: <www.cbc.ca/news/indigenous/truth-and-r
econciliation-commission-by-the-numbers-1.3096185>.
10. Canada, Office of the Auditor General of Canada, Access to Health Services
for Remote First Nations Communities (Report to Parliament), (Ottawa: OAG,
Spring 2015) [OAG 2015]; Canada, Office of the Auditor General of Canada, 2011Â
June Status Report, Programs for First Nations on Reserves (Report to Parliament),
(Ottawa: OAG, June 2011) at chapter 4 [OAG 2011].
11. See Canada, ReclaimingÂ
PowerÂ
andÂ
Place:Â
theÂ
FinalÂ
ReportÂ
ofÂ
theÂ
NationalÂ
InquiryÂ
intoÂ
MissingÂ
andÂ
MurderedÂ
IndigenousÂ
WomenÂ
andÂ
Girls, vol 1a (Ottawa: MMIWG, 2019)
and vol 1b (Ottawa: MMIWG, 2019), [MMIWG].
12. “Our Mandate” (last visited 12 May 2020), online: Truth and Reconciliation
Commission of Canada <www.trc.ca/about-us/our-mandate.html>.
VULNERABLE
The Law, Policy and Ethics of COVID-19
- Titel
- VULNERABLE
- Untertitel
- The Law, Policy and Ethics of COVID-19
- Autoren
- Vanessa MacDonnell
- Jane Philpott
- Sophie Thériault
- Sridhar Venkatapuram
- Verlag
- Ottawa Press
- Datum
- 2020
- Sprache
- englisch
- Lizenz
- CC BY-NC-ND 4.0
- ISBN
- 9780776636429
- Abmessungen
- 15.2 x 22.8 cm
- Seiten
- 648
- Kategorien
- Coronavirus
- International