Seite - 20 - in Cancer Nanotheranostics - What Have We Learnd So Far?

Condeetal. Biofunctionalizationandsurfacechemistryof inorganicnanoparticles FIGURE7 |Goldglyconanoparticles. (A)Strategy for studying carbohydrate±carbohydrate interactionsbasedon2Dand3Dmodels that mimiccarbohydratepresentationat thecell surface.Preparationof (B)glyconanoparticles; (C)hybridglyconanoparticles; (D)fluorescence glyconanoparticles (Barrientoset al., 2003).Reproducedwithpermission fromBarrientoset al. (2003),Copyright2013. stabilityoftheNP,thefunctionalgroups, thebioconjugationcon- ditions(pH,temperature, ionicstrength,solventchoice,structure of the surfactant) and the biomolecule to attach, among others. Finally,dependingontheconjugatedbiomolecule, it is important tocontrol theorientation, so that thebiomolecule remainsactive onceconjugated to theNP. Biofunctionalizationcanbeachievedusingseveral techniques, such as physical adsorption and electrostatic binding, specific www.frontiersin.org July2014 |Volume2 |Article48 | 20