Page - 417 - in Book of Full Papers - Symposium Hydro Engineering

4.2. SCENARIOS The scenarios that are simulated using ROPES are designed and predetermined by the trainer. The trainee, on the other hand, does not know what exactly is going to happen during the simulation. Scenarios can be adjusted to the trainee’s level of knowledge and can become more complex or difficult over the course of the training exercise. There is practically no limit to the kinds of scenarios that can be simulated. For example, scenarios can include different climatological and hydrological conditions and competing uses and goals. Besides “normal” conditions, scenarios can also include exceptional occurrences such as large flood events, drought periods, the failure of monitoring equipment or malfunctioning controls. Scenarios can utilize archived or real-time monitoring data from ground stations or remote sensing as forcing data and can also integrate forecasts into the simulation. As the simulation engine also contains a rainfall-runoff module, forcing data for the inflow to the reservoir can consist either of precipitation or of flow time series, or of a combination of both. 4.3. EVALUATION An important part of the training exercise is the evaluation phase. Using the records from the simulation, all decisions made by the trainee and the effects that they had on the system are reviewed after the simulation has ended. The review process is accompanied by an experienced reservoir operator/expert. Aspects to be reviewed can include the following:  Were all water supply and/or other demands met?  Were all constraints on reservoir operation (e.g. maximum discharge, reservoir water levels) adhered to?  Did the operator deviate from the existing operating rules? If so, could this have been avoided?  Did the operator make the correct decisions while dealing with emergency situations? If applicable, a scenario can be simulated again in order to assess the effect of different operating decisions. 5. ROADMAP Institutions such as the Nile Basin Initiative, the Eastern Nile Technical Regional Office, the Mekong River Commission, the Ethiopian Institute of Water Resources of the Addis Ababa University and the Walailak and Kesetsart 417