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τ0=ρCDŪ 2 (2) CD=[ k 1+ln( z0 h) ] 2 k= Von Karman’s constant =0.4 ks= 2.5d50 z0= ks/30 Where: θ = Shield’s parameter θcr = Critical Shield’s parameter Ф = Dimensionless transport number qb = Volumetric bed-load transport rate per unit width g = acceleration due to gravity ρ = density of water s = ratio of densities of sediment and water d = grain diameter CD = total drag coefficient τ0 = Bed shear stress Ū = Depth averaged velocity B. Engelund and Hansen formula- (1972)- Estimates total sediment load 𝑆 𝑡 = 0.05𝑈 𝐶 𝜏 𝑐 2{1+0.5(𝜉 𝑈 𝑏 𝑈 ) 2 }2 𝜌 2𝑔 5 2Δ𝜌 𝑠 2𝑑 50 (3) where C = Chezy’s coefficient ξ = a coefficient τc = Bed shear stress due to current, N/m2 Ub = Amplitude of orbital velocity at the bed d50 = Grain diameter C. Ackers and White’s (1973) Method – It is based on flume and field data, estimates total sediment load ( 𝑢 ∗ 𝑈 ) 𝑐 1𝛾 𝑓 𝐶 𝑇 𝐷 𝛾 𝑠 𝑑 =𝐶 2[ 𝐹 1 𝐶 3 − 1] 𝐶 4 (4) where 423