Page - 562 - in Book of Full Papers - Symposium Hydro Engineering

3. Health Effects: source of many infectious diseases (such as malaria and blood diseases), creating a favourable environment for oviposition. 4. Economical and Social Effects: increasing urban population, immigration, creation of false jobs, destruction of roads and power transmission lines, lack of access to some of Points of the range, loss of agricultural lands, unemployment, destruction of historical and archaeological sites, destruction of some places with specific topographic. 5. Impacts of Dams on Noise Pollution: increasing volume in the construction phase, disturbing the peace, leaving the nest wildlife, increased risk of loss of animals 6. Effect of Dams on Ecosystems of Aquatic Organisms: increasing of BOD in water (at first), formation of anaerobic degradation environment, formation of dark and funky environment, the exceeding of phytoplankton, growing of macro- flora in the water, increasing plant, increasing evaporation and transpiration, making a barrier to stop fish from passing. 3.2. IDENTIFY SOURCES OF POLLUTION There are many polluting sources that threat surrounding environment of dam projects. In some cases, the pollution may be extended to the river in the downstream of dam, and in some rare cases, the quality of underground water sources may get affected. There are many types of water pollution because water comes from many sources. Here are a few types of water pollution: 1. Nutrients Pollution Some wastewater, fertilizers and sewage contain high levels of nutrients. If they end up in water bodies, they encourage algae and weed growth in the water. This will make the water undrinkable, and even clog filters. Too much algae will also use up all the oxygen in the water, and other water organisms in the water will die out of oxygen starvation. 2. Surface water pollution Surface water includes natural water found on the earth's surface, like rivers, lakes, lagoons and oceans. Hazardous substances coming into contact with this surface water, dissolving or mixing physically with the water can be called surface water pollution. 3. Oxygen Depleting Water bodies have micro-organisms. These include aerobic and anaerobic organisms. When too much biodegradable matter (things that easily decay) end up in water, it encourages more microorganism growth, and they use up more oxygen in the water. If oxygen is depleted, aerobic organisms die, and anaerobic organisms grow more to produce harmful toxins such as ammonia and sulfides. 4. Ground water pollution When humans apply pesticides and chemicals to soils, they are washed deep into the ground by rainwater. This gets to underground water, causing pollution underground. 562