Page - 564 - in Book of Full Papers - Symposium Hydro Engineering

Table 1 Sources of pollution and corresponding remediation action Sources of Pollution Effects Remediation Action Nutrients, e.g., wastewater, fertilizers and sewage Develop algae and weed in the water, lack of oxygen in water 1) Prevent Pouring wastes in reservoir, 2) Artificial water turbulence in reservoir, 3) Educate neighbors Surface water Polluted water caused by hazardous substances 1) Careful monitoring & controlling, 2) removing hazardous materials along rain waterway to reservoir. Oxygen Depleting Growth of more micro-organism and die of more aerobic organisms to produce harmful toxins More water turbulence in reservoir to enter more air in the water. Ground water Pollution of the soil by pesticides and chemicals and then, pollution of underground water Prevent penetration of pesticides and chemicals into soil by isolating the reservoir Microbiological Natural pollution caused by micro- organisms like viruses, bacteria, and protozoa Prevent direct access for drink of neighboring communities and animals in upstream river Suspended Matter They cannot dissolve in water and when settled down in reservoir, kill aquatic organisms that live at the bottom Design and install gates in the reservoir boundaries to capture substances, particles, and undissolved chemicals Chemical Water Wastes produced by farmers and industries pour to the river and causing infertility and killing of many forms of aquatics. Strict management of point- sources of pollutants (e.g., factories) in the upstream river Oil Spillage Widespread life damages to aquatics and dam equipment exposed to water Displacing the oil pipelines from along the reservoir to another safe place before the reservoir impoundment. 4. CONCLUSIONS An innovative methodology was developed in this research in order to address environmental threats made by dam construction and maintenance. The methodology is an easy-to-use and logically consistent procedure that can be conveniently applied for under construction and under operation dams and hydropower plants. The owners benefit from using the proposed approach by saving enormous amounts of time and costs for the construction and operation/maintenance activities. There is a great hope that by applying the GDR approach, not only the near-by communities have better life quality but also, 564