Page - 949 - in Book of Full Papers - Symposium Hydro Engineering

dam of 132m height which is 30km far from that in 2008, were both in good conditions [1]. In general, construction, operation and management of large reservoirs and high dams in China are all standard, and keep safety under designed situation [2]. However, along with more and more higher dams constructed, people are more and more worried about the losses and influence of public safety, social stability, and economic development coursed by dams' failure. In recent years, some new laws and legislations of security management in China put forward new requirements and research subjects to emergency management when dams suffer extraordinary floods, extremely strong earthquakes, or catastrophic geologic disasters. So, we have to reexamine the emptying design of large reservoirs constructed, summarize the key technology problems of reservoir emptying, and bring out some suggestions about how to improve the ability of emergency. PRESENT EMPTYING ABILITY OF LARGE RESERVOIRS IN CHINA Emptying facilities were set up in most of high dams in China to lower water level in case of emergency or dam damage. Table 1 and table 2 shows emptying abilities of primary high earth-rockfill dams and high concrete dams, respectively. Table 1 Emptying abilities of primary high earth-rockfill dams Projects Dam height (m) Storage capacity (×108m3) Residual head after emptying (m) Water head emptying ratio (%) Residual capacity after emptying (×108m3) Storage capacity emptying ratio (%) Emptying time (d) Pubugpu 186 50.11 81.4 56.24 1.06 97.88 55 Tianshengqiao I 178 83.3 60.3 66.11 2.31 97.23 78 Shuibuya 233.2 43.12 87.6 62.44 1.97 95.43 43 Tankeng 162 35.2 63.0 61.09 1.625 95.38 48.4 Shuangjiangkou 312 27.32 189.8 39.17 1.69 93.81 30 Malutang II 154 4.85 65.4 57.55 0.37 92.37 14 Houziyan 223.5 6.62 148.7 33.47 0.96 85.50 11.5 Nuozhadu 261.5 217.49 154.8 40.79 33.91 84.41 102 Hongjiadu 179.5 44.97 97.0 45.93 7.42 83.50 38.2 Liyuan 155 7.28 92.7 40.20 1.48 79.66 15 Lianghekou 295 101.5 178.8 39.39 20.78 79.53 87 Dongqing 150 8.824 94.3 37.11 1.91 78.35 17.3 Changheba 240 10.15 146.3 39.06 2.68 73.60 10.8 Quxue 164.2 1.2745 100.2 38.96 0.351 72.46 2.4 Bashan 160 2.93 98.0 38.71 1.5 48.81 10.4 949