Page - 1015 - in Book of Full Papers - Symposium Hydro Engineering

6.5. FISH PASS STRUCTURES In 1958, China designed its first fishpass at Qililong Power Station on the Fuchun River. In 1960, the first newly opened fishpass was built near Xingkai Lake and it has a total length of 70m and a width of 11m, and initial operations were successful (Song Dejing et al., 2008). The construction of Yangtang Fishpass in 1980 has taken the design and research on fish pass structures in China's fish collection system. For example, according to statistics gathered in 1982, the total number of fish that passed through the fishpass was 759,325 (77d, 1464h), and 571,143 (77d, 1415d) passed through the fish collection system in the plant, accounting for 75% of the total number of fish that passed through (Wang and Guo, 2006). With the further development of water conservancy and hydropower projects in China since 2000, more attention was given to the research on the restoration of fish migration routes. A number of fish pass structures are under construction or have been completed, such as the Shangzhuang Reservoir Fishpass in Beijing, the Xinglong Fishpass on the Hanjiang River, the Pengshui Hydropower Station Fishpass on the Wujiang River, the fishpass on the Pearl River and Shiquan River(Hu et al., 2008). According to incomplete statistics, China has built more than 40 fishpasses in various types of water conservancy projects, most of which are built on low water head dams. 7. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS The development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, supported chiefly by the Yangtze River golden waterway, is in full swing. This will undoubtedly place the maintenance of the Yangtze River's biodiversity and the protection of the water environment under unprecedented pressure. We need to analyze the current crisis from a historical perspective because biodiversity in today’s Yangtze River system is not inherent but a product of evolution. The subtropical monsoon climate is the basis of the unique biota of the Yangtze River, and the East Asian monsoon climate is the result of the uplifting of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, at least it strengthens the monsoon. These major climatic and geological events are important basis for the evolution of biodiversity. They reveal the uniqueness and ecological needs of the ichthyofauna, as well as how species diversity is maintained. The knowledge of the historical contributing factors to species diversity is essential to understanding why human activities have led to a significant loss of biodiversity in water systems. We need to understand the space-time continuity (eg, connectivity of rivers and lakes) and the integrity of ecological processes (eg, hydrological processes, temperature processes) needed by each species to accomplish life histories. Accurate prediction of what species are endangered is hard to come by, not to mention saving them. Our target goal is to rehabilitate or re-naturalize damaged ecosystems, which, though 1015