Page - 1257 - in Book of Full Papers - Symposium Hydro Engineering

country. Definitely the loss of life depends on the density of population in the area in danger. However, certain fatalities cannot be avoided due to randomness in the population migration, behaviour and also day time of dam incident (tab. 1). Table 1 Numbers of fatalities during the real dam failures [10] No Dam Populatio n at risk Warning time (hours) Number of fatalities 1 Allegheny County, PA, 1986 2 200 0 9 2 Austin, TX, 1981 1 180 1 13 3 Baldwin Hills Dam, CA, 1963 16 500 1.5 5 4 Bear Wallow Dam, NC, 1976 8 0 4 5 Big Thompson, CO, 1976 2 500 0.5 144 6 Black Hills, SD, 1972 17 000 0.5 245 7 Buffalo Cr. Waste Dam, WV, 1972 5 000 0.5 125 8 Bushy Hill Pond Dam, CT, 1982 400 2.5 0 9 Centralia, WA, 1991 150 0 0 10 D.M.A.D. Dam, UT, 1983 500 6.5 1 11 Denver, CO, 1965 10 000 3.2 1 12 Kansas City, MO, 1977 2 380 0.5 20 13 *Kansas River, KS, 1951 58 000 3 11 14 Kelley Barnes Dam, GA, 1977 250 0.25 39 15 Laurel Run Dam, PA, 1977 150 0 40 16 Lawn Lake Dam, CO, 1982 5 000 0.75 3 17 Lee Lake Dam, MA, 1968 80 0 2 18 Little Deer Creek Dam, UT, 1963 50 0 1 19 Malpasset Dam, France, 1959 6 000 0 421 20 Mohegan Park Dam, CT, 1963 1 000 0 6 21 Northern NJ, 1984 25 000 3 2 22 Prospect Dam, CO, 1980 100 7.5 0 23 Shadyside, OH, 1990 884 0 24 24 Stava Dams, Italy, 1985 300 0 270 25 Swift and (lower) Two Medicine Dams, MT, 1964 250 0.75 28 26 Teton Dam, ID, 1976 2 000 0.75 7 27 Teton Dam, ID, 1976 23 000 2.25 4 28 Texas Hill Country, 1978 2 070 0.75 25 29 Vega De Tera Dam, Spain, 1959 500 0 150 The dam safety requirements concerning potential fatalities may be assessed using so called F-N curves [4]. The estimated number of fatalities is related to the probability of dam failure which many times directly corresponds with the probability of the arrival of given flood wave during the reconstruction period. Figure 2 shows an example of relevant failure probabilities corresponding to 10 expected fatalities. During the reconstruction special non-structural measures are usually temporarily undertaken like more careful rainfall observations in the catchment, flood forecasting directly linked to actuated flood committee which is ready to initiate prompt evacuation and rescue provisions. This develops sufficient 1257