Page - 90 - in Our Car as Power Plant

90 The next challenge is the car park geometry and design itself. Cars should be parked and docked automatically and maybe partly wirelessly to four utilities: hydrogen, power, heat and water. This will require new robotic approaches but also access control and densely-packed parking. And safety issues and regulations have to be addressed for hydrogen production and -use, automated parking and the production of energy and water in a car park (35). For the Car as Power Plant, the main issue of interest is the permission to produce and use hydrogen locally. Other technological system innovations are important as well. The cars need to be integrated in the larger energy- and transport system. First and foremost challenge is the smart system integration and -control of a system with multiple actors (cars, houses, offices), and multiple fuels and energy carriers (hydrogen, electricity, heat, water). These challenges are on all system levels: from individual cars, to car parks, houses, offices, neighbourhoods, cities and regions. The physical energy infrastructure needs to be changed and become smart, given multiple production, capacity, storage and conversion technologies whereby the fuel cell cars are not fixed to one specific location. For electricity, gas and heat a grid will be necessary, but with a different topology. However, a physical large scale hydrogen grid is not necessary at any time and hydrogen can be produced locally from gas or electricity.