Page - 52 - in Applied Interdisciplinary Theory in Health Informatics - Knowledge Base for Practitioners

Figure 2: ISO 9241-210 standard for human-centred design processes for interactive systems (Based on [19]) ISO (the International Organisation for Standardisation) 9241-210 provides clarification on the principles of human-centred design and how human-centred methods can be used throughout the system life cycle. These principles are described as follows: ● Understand and specify the context of use. This consists of gaining a clear understanding of the users, task analysis, as well as context and environmental analysis. Each stage of this analysis can be dynamic and provides different but necessary components that inform the design of the system. The user analysis consists of examining and learning about the characteristics of the intended users [7]. The task analysis examines the goals of the user, the required functionalities of the system. The environmental analysis not only examines the environment in which the users work but also their social and cultural milieu [14]. It specifies the conditions in which systems are used. ● Specify the user and/or organisational requirements. This can be achieved through various ways such as including end users in a design team, as well as consulting with potential end users and relevant stakeholders to assist in requirements usability testing. Participatory design involving end users is an important component of UCD and should be upheld throughout the design and development process of a system [19] ● Produce design solutions. Findings from the evaluation inform the design and implementation of the system. This principle emphasises the importance of user centred evaluation to inform the design and to improve it within all stages of the technology life cycle. Prototyping from low fidelity (paper prototypes) through to high fidelity and modelling interaction and tasks can be adopted to design and evaluate the system. Storyboarding, which facilitates the communication of design to potential users, post-experience interviews and satisfaction questionnaires for preliminary design can also be used [19]. A.GoodandO.Omisade /LinkingActivityTheorywithUserCentredDesign52