Page - 120 - in Applied Interdisciplinary Theory in Health Informatics - Knowledge Base for Practitioners

By systematically testing these assumptions a process model for boosting SDM can be developed, which can inform the design and evaluation of future health informatics interventions, aimed at boosting all the crucial competences people need in order to be able to make personal health choices that truly line up with their key values and serve their health and well-being in the long run. The boosting framework is ideally suited to inform the development of health informatics interventions where patients have a choice. By building on existing competences and supporting learning, it has the potential to support autonomy and empower patients to take a more active role in making a decision that is informed and in line with their personal preferences and values. Boosting also highlights the importance of tailoring interventions and the intervention context based on what we know about psychological processes. This is an area in need of systematic research, comparing the effect of different methods of information provision and values elicitation on a broad range of outcomes. The ultimate goal of any decision support intervention is to support patients and their healthcare providers in making evidence- based, informed decisions that are in line with a patient’s personal values and preferences. The boosting framework might help achieve this in a way that maximizes patient autonomy while at the same time reducing decisional burden. Teaching questions for reflection 1. What do designers of health informatics interventions aimed at fostering SDM need to know about the theoretical approach of boosting? 2. What do designers of health informatics interventions aimed at fostering SDM need to know about the similarities and differences between the boosting and the nudging framework for supporting human decision makers? 3. How likely is it that basing the design of a health informatics intervention aimed at fostering SDM (e.g., a PtDA) will lead to improved SDM? Why? 4. What is needed to help the field of health informatics move forward and understand how the vision behind the boosting framework can be applied to have the strongest impact on fostering SDM? References [1] C. Charles et al., Shared decision-making in the medical encounter: What does it mean? (or it takes two to tango), Social Science & Medicine 44 (1996), 681-692. [2] A.M. Stiggelbout et al., Shared decision making: Really putting patients at the centre of healthcare. BMJ 344 (2013), e256. [3] R. Hertwig & T. Grune-Yanoff, Nudging and Boosting: Steering or empowering good decisions. Perspectives on Psychological Science 12 (2017), 973-986. [4] R. Thaler & C.R. Sunstein. Nudge: Improving Decisions About Health, Wealth and Happiness, Simon & Schuster, New York, 2008. [5] J.W. Sherman et al. (Eds.), Dual-Process Theories of the Human Mind. Guilford Press, New York, 2014. [6] R. Hertwig, When to consider boosting: Some rules for policy-makers. Behavioural Public Policy 1 (2017), 143-161. [7] G. Gigerenzer et al., Simple Heuristics That Make Us Smart, Oxford University Press, New York, 1999. [8] G. Klein, Naturalistic decision making, Human Factors 50 (2008), 456-460. [9] M. Oaksford & N. Chater, Bayesian Rationality: The Probabilistic Approach to Human Reasoning. Oxford University Press, New York, 2009. [10] A.A. Kon, The shared-decision making continuum. JAMA 304 (2010), 903-904. M.deVriesetal. /FosteringSharedDecisionMakingwithHealth Informatics Interventions120