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an explanatory model or predictive hypothesis, but there is an implicit prediction that if the “law” is not followed then the conclusions from the data will be flawed. We have not conducted a systematic review, but in the preparation of this textbook we have informally reviewed a broad range of literature and in Table 4 we offer an illustrativesampleof contributions that might be regarded as theory in health informatics. Table 4. A sample of candidate theories in health informatics. Reference What is the “theory”? What does it claim to explain? [3] Thematic Hierarchical Network Model for Computerised Physician Order Entry (CPOE) Consequences. Relationship between categories of unintended consequences of CPOE. [4] Sociological perspective on EHR design. That medical work is not a linear rational process, so EHR design should rather support fluidity of knowledge and collaborative, interactive working. [5] Human Factors Engineering (HFE) approach to biomedical informatics applications for healthcare. That HFE shows why implementations are successful or not. [8;9] Cognitive span of the process of clinical diagnosis. That it is at the latter end of the diagnostic process that decisions become algorithmic and therefore when computers become potentially useful. [12] Clinical domain reference ontologies. The ideal features and attributes of reference ontologies for a specific clinical knowledge domain. [17] Thematic synthesis of controlled medical vocabulary requirements. The ideal features and attributes of a computable controlled medical vocabulary. [18] Alternative paradigm for modelling clinical interactions based on psychological concept of “common ground”. That the typical computational model of communication does not correspond with actual clinical experience of mostly interrupt-driven human interaction. [46] Three general principles to determine whether CPOE implementation will succeed. Why CPOE implementations succeed or not. [47] A nine-factor construct of clinician perceptions about computerized protocols. How clinicians react to computerized protocols. [49] Evaluation model of clinical information systems viewed from health system perspective rather than functional or organizational assessment. That the full picture of time effects of clinical systems can only be evaluated at whole-system level not just by unit component effects. [55;56] Architecture for sharing EHRs independently of disparate healthcare providers. That independent health record banks offer a more sustainable solution for lifetime EHRs than records held by providers, payers or government agencies. P.J.Scott etal. /ReflectingandLooking to theFuture214