Page - xvii - in Loss and Damage from Climate Change - Concepts, Methods and Policy Options

Fig. 14.4 Residual costs as percentage of adaptation costs for the case of a) low damages-high discount rate; b) high damages-low discount rate (in billion 2005US) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355 Fig. 14.5 Damage (%GDP) for different damage functions and ECS parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 358 Fig. 15.1 Map of the South Pacific . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367 Fig. 15.2 Visualisation of risk and options spaces for the SWPacific. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370 Fig. 15.3 Damage from tropical cyclone Pam in 2015 in north Efate island, Vanuatu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 374 Fig. 16.1 TheRepublic of theMarshall Islands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385 Fig. 16.2 Outrigger Canoe traditionally used in ocean navigation, MajuroAtoll, Republic of theMarshall Islands. . . . . . . . . . . . 387 Fig. 16.3 Typical landscape, ArnoAtoll, Republic of theMarshall Islands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388 Fig. 17.1 The practice imperative—connecting disaster preparedness and livelihood development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 396 Fig. 17.2 Partners and roles in the FloodResilienceAlliance . . . . . . . . . 399 Fig. 17.3 Flood risk context in theKarnali river basin inNepal (left panel) and the Rimac river valley in Peru (right panel) . . . . . . 401 Fig. 17.4 Adaptivemanagement cycle used in the ZFRA to foster Shared Resilience Learning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403 Fig. 17.5 Methodological approach for understanding and learning about risk and resilience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405 Fig. 17.6 Screenshot of RiskGeo-Wiki.Modelled global flood risk data overlaid on satellite imagery at the regional level for theKarnali, Nepal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407 Fig. 17.7 Community andNGOmembersmapping into OpenStreetMapwithmobile devices in theKarnali basin, Nepal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 408 Fig. 17.8 Conventional hand-drawn community riskmap, capacity map, and socialmapversusdigital communitymapproduced via a participatory and collaborativemapping approach. . . . . . 409 Fig. 17.9 Zurich FloodResilienceMeasurement Framework implementation process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411 Fig. 17.10 Measuring resilience inNepal as compared to the global measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 412 Fig. 17.11 Application of the FloodResilienceGame provoking discussion at anNGOworkshop in Jakarta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415 Fig. 17.12 FloodResilience Systems Framework (FLORES)—a simplified view . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416 Fig. 17.13 Prospective forensics for projecting flood risk in Peru. . . . . . . 419 xviii List of Figures