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10 R.Mechler et al.
tries,populationsandecosystems,dealingwithbothslow-andsudden-onsetevents,
and paying particular attention to non-economic losses. Policy areas include con-
siderationforresilience,recoveryandrehabilitationefforts,migration,displacement
andmobility, aswell asfinancial instruments including insurance.Theworkplan is
intended to integratealsowithotheron-goingworkunder theUNFCCC,suchason
financeand technology.
Fundamental to thisbook, and theclimatepolicydebate ingeneral, hasbeen the
conceptofcomprehensive riskmanagement including transformationalapproaches.
Themandateof theWIMincludesenhancingunderstandingofandpromotingboth
short- andmedium-term riskmanagement, including risk analysis, risk reduction,
risktransferandriskretention.Furthermore,theWIMistoconsidertransformational
approachesthathelptobuildandstrengthenthelong-termresilienceofcountriesand
communities (UNFCCC 2016, Decision 3/CP.22). Since the establishment of the
WIM, theExComhasmet several times andhas transitioned from its initial 2-year
workplan toa5-year rollingworkplan.Achievements and theWIMwill officially
be reviewedatCOP25 in2019.
Recent non-climate policy developments, such as the compact on Sendai
(UNISDR2015), theSDGs(UN2015),aswellas theNansenInitiativeonDisplace-
ment(nanseninitiative.org)anditsfollow-up,thePlatformonDisasterDisplacement
(Displacement Solutions 2015) provide potential opportunities to increase under-
standingofandrespondtogrowingclimate-relatedrisks, includingL&D.However,
these approaches and preliminary actions are scattered across several sectors and
actors,andtheirrelevancetoL&Dhasnotyetbeensystematicallyevaluatedwithlit-
tleexchangebetweenresearchandpolicy. Inaddition, attention toL&Dinresearch
and policy has tended to focus heavily on only a few aspects, such as insurance.
Broaderreflection,particularlyonthedifferentdimensionsofL&Ddecision-making
hasbeen largely lacking.
While it is difficult to summarise thedifferent strandsof thediscourse(s), itmay
be argued that essentially three issues havebeenhighlightedwithvarying levels of
emphasisover time:
1. Burden sharing for the costs ofmanagingclimate impacts and risks (losses and
damages) includingcompensationarrangements.
2. Awarenessregardingthesensitivityandlimitationsofhumanandnaturalsystems
to climate change, and the need to respond with stringent climate mitigation
policies for limitingwarming to1.5 °Cor2°C.
3. Supportforfurtherriskreductionandriskmanagementinterventionsforenhanc-
ingclimatechangeadaptationandbuildingclimate resilience.
Someobservershavesuggestedthattherehasbeenashift inthedebateawayfrom
“harmfulwrongdoing”(1.) tomostlyconsideringsupport for riskandclimate insur-
ancemechanisms(3.) (seeSerdecznyandZamarioli2018).While indeed, insurance
mechanisms have been given substantial attention, it seems that the debate overall
hasbecomemorecomprehensiveandthethreediscursivelinesratherexist inparallel
offeringpotential tobe further alignedasdelineated in this book (see alsoMechler
2017).
Loss and Damage from Climate Change
Concepts, Methods and Policy Options
- Title
- Loss and Damage from Climate Change
- Subtitle
- Concepts, Methods and Policy Options
- Authors
- Reinhard Mechler
- Laurens M. Bouwer
- Thomas Schinko
- Swenja Surminski
- JoAnne Linnerooth-Bayer
- Publisher
- Springer Open
- Date
- 2019
- Language
- English
- License
- CC BY 4.0
- ISBN
- 978-3-319-72026-5
- Size
- 16.0 x 24.0 cm
- Pages
- 580
- Keywords
- Environment, Climate change, Environmental law, Environmental policy, Risk management
- Categories
- International
- Naturwissenschaften Umwelt und Klima