Page - 13 - in Loss and Damage from Climate Change - Concepts, Methods and Policy Options

1 Science forLossandDamage.FindingsandPropositions 13 Fig.1.4 The risk concept as applied to sudden-onset and slow-onset processes. SourceHuggel et al. (2016a) framework for understanding and addressing climate-related risks (see Fig. 1.3). CRM broadly may be defined as comprehensively reducing, preparing for, and financing climate-related risk, while tackling the underlying risk drivers, includ- ing climate-related and socio-economic factors (Schinko et al. 2016). Climate risk managementcanbuildonexpertisedeveloped inDRRandCCAresearchandprac- tice.Firstly, itconsidersclimateriskasafunctionofhazard(andanyclimate-related changes),exposureandvulnerability;secondly,itgivesproperattentiontovariability andprobability (low frequencyvs. high frequency events), calling for probabilistic riskanalytical approaches; and thirdly, it accounts fordifferences in riskperception and thevarious typesofoutcomes. Inprinciple, this climate risk concept canbeapplied to sudden-onset events and slow-onset climate-related processes unfoldingover timescales fromhours to days (landslides,storms,floods)toweeksandmonths(droughts,heatwaves),toyears(sea- levelriseandimpacts),anddecades(glacialshrinkage)(seeFig.1.4).Inpractice,risk analysishassofarusuallybeenapplied tophenomenalastingfromhours tomonths. Whileriskanalysisisakeypolicytoolforclimateriskmanagement,includingdealing withunavoided lossesanddamages, it cannoteffectivelyaddress those impacts that are irreversibleandpermanent. 1.4 ABroadeningResearchLandscape–Chapter Summaries Over the last few years research onL&Dhas grown in number and focus. In this section, we summarise some of themost relevant findings from the various book chapters providing a reviewof key topics addressed in the book.Buildingon fore- words by policymakers and negotiators fromdeveloping (DawnPierre-Nathoniel of theSmall IslandState of Saint Lucia) and developed countries (Ingrid-Gabriela