Page - 21 - in Loss and Damage from Climate Change - Concepts, Methods and Policy Options

1 Science forLossandDamage.FindingsandPropositions 21 sea level rise. Local impacts are of relevance aswell, particularly those on social systemsandresponses.Arcticcommunitieshavehadtoseekwaystodealwithrapidly changingenvironmentalconditionsthatareleadingtosocial impactssuchasthrough outmigration, similar to the experience in the global South. Yet, the international debateonL&DhasnotsufficientlyaddressedtheArcticregionsofar.Intheirchapter onLoss and Damage in the Rapidly Changing ArcticMiaLandauer andSirkku Juhola provide thefirst such research contribution reviewing the literature to show what impactsofclimatechangearealreadyvisible intheArctic.Theauthorspresent a literature reviewwith local cases to provide empirical evidence of climate losses and damages in the region. Particularly, they show that there is solid evidence and examples of outmigration and relocation. In addition to the implications ofArctic losses anddamages for the internationaldebate, theauthors suggest aneed fornew governancemechanismsand institutional frameworks to tackle losses anddamages in thisquicklychanging region. 1.4.5 PolicyOptionsandOtherResponseMechanisms for theL&DDiscourse Thefinalsectionofthebookdealswithpolicyoptionsandotherresponsemechanisms relevanttoL&D.ThechapterbyMasrooraHaque,MousumiPervin,SaibeenSultana andSaleemulHuqonTowards Establishing a National Mechanism to Address Loss and Damage: A Case Study from Bangladesh reports on innovative efforts that areunderway toestablishanationalmechanismthat addresses lossesanddam- ages inBangladesh–ahighlyclimate-vulnerablecountrywhich,at thesametime, is oneof theforerunners incomprehensiveriskmanagement.Bangladeshhasahistory ofwell-establishedDRRpolicies involving institutionsatnational andsub-national levels, aswell as political and regulatory institutions. Furthermore, the countryhas beenoneofthefirsttoestablishaNationalAdaptationProgrammeofAction(NAPA), whichhasledtotheBangladeshClimateChangeStrategyandActionPlan.Lossand Damageiscurrentlynotexplicitlyaddressed,yetparticularly theworkareaoncom- prehensiveDisasterManagement provides an entry pointwith activities underway orplannedon insurance,aswellason tacklingclimatemigrationanddisplacement. TakingexplicitaccountofL&DisthemaingapinBangladesh’sadaptationandDRR policyframework,and thus themotivationbehind theplans is tosetupa legislative, institutional and policy-related mechanism to address climate-induced losses and damages. AspresentedbyFlorentinaSimlingerandBenoitMayer, legalactionsonclimate change are proliferating. The contribution byWilliam Frank, Christoph Bals and JuliaGrimmontheCaseof Huaraz:FirstClimateLawsuitonLossandDamage against an Energy Company before German Courts reports on thefirst climate litigation lawsuit inGermany and thefirst specifically onL&D.The case has been brought forward by the plaintiff, Saul LucianoLliuya of the city ofHuaraz in the