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2 TheEthicalChallenges in theContextofClimateLossandDamage 49
Table2.3 Indicative list of measures for different categories of losses and damages. Note that
listedmeasures are not exhaustive and that thesemeasures could apply under both compensatory
ordistributive justice framings
ReplaceableL&D(economic
andsomenon-economic
L&D) Non-replaceableL&D
(non-economicL&D)
Sudden-onset extremes
(insurableL&D) Measures (A)
• Risk transfer
- Insurance (e.g.with
subsidisedpremiums)
- Micro insurance
- Insurance/Riskpools
- Catastrophebonds
• National and international
disaster funds
• Risk reduction
- Earlywarningsystems
- Preventivebuilding
measures
- Planned relocation
• Technology transfer Measures (B)
• Recognitionof loss
(accompaniedbyfinancial
paymentsornot)
• Active remembrance (e.g.
throughmuseum
exhibitions, school
curricula)
• Counselling
• Official apologies
Slow-onsetprocesses
(non-insurableL&D) Measures (C)
• Risk reduction
- Preventivebuilding
measures
- Physical risk reduction
measures (seawalls)
- Planned relocation
• Technology transfer
• Risk transferviacatastrophe
bonds
• Redress
• Rehabilitation Measures (D)
• Alternative livelihoods
provision
• Recognitionof loss
(accompaniedbyfinancial
paymentsornot)
• Active remembrance (e.g.
throughmuseum
exhibitions, school
curricula)
• Counselling
• Official apologies
involvement of those responsible to contribute to themeasures to be taken (for an
overviewofcategories andmeasures seeTable2.3).7
L&Dneeds tobe rectified inorder to ensure justice.Within thedistributive jus-
tice framework, thismeans redistributionaimingatabaselinedistributionwhereno
undeservedharmhadever occurred. In case of climate impacts, thismeans aiming
at overcoming undeserved burdens on some regions, communities, and individu-
als due to climate variability and extremes. In contrast to compensatory claims for
redistribution to even out undeserved harms it is only necessary that the harm in
fact canbeneutralisedbyhumanaction.Thismakes the distributive framingmore
comprehensive. It not only capturesL&Dcausedbyanthropogenic climate change
7By thusarguingwe implicitly assume theability-to-payprinciple as theappropriateprinciple for
differentiating responsibilities. In the next sectionweexplainmore thoroughly howwe think this
principlemustbeunderstood incaseofL&D.
Loss and Damage from Climate Change
Concepts, Methods and Policy Options
- Title
- Loss and Damage from Climate Change
- Subtitle
- Concepts, Methods and Policy Options
- Authors
- Reinhard Mechler
- Laurens M. Bouwer
- Thomas Schinko
- Swenja Surminski
- JoAnne Linnerooth-Bayer
- Publisher
- Springer Open
- Date
- 2019
- Language
- English
- License
- CC BY 4.0
- ISBN
- 978-3-319-72026-5
- Size
- 16.0 x 24.0 cm
- Pages
- 580
- Keywords
- Environment, Climate change, Environmental law, Environmental policy, Risk management
- Categories
- International
- Naturwissenschaften Umwelt und Klima