Page - 57 - in Loss and Damage from Climate Change - Concepts, Methods and Policy Options

2 TheEthicalChallenges in theContextofClimateLossandDamage 57 Table2.4 Categorisationof thedifferentiatedremedial responsibilitiesofcountries tofosterL&D measureswithout exclusively relyingonoutcomeresponsibility ReplaceableL&D(economicand somenon-economicL&D) Non-replaceableL&D (non-economicL&D) Sudden-onset extremes (insurableL&D) Formeasures (A)mainly countries are remedially responsible that arebest able to: • financially support risk transfer (e.g. insuranceorcatastrophe bonds) schemes • financially support risk reduction (e.g. preventive buildingmeasures) and relocationschemes and/or • provide technologyand know-howinsettingupand maintainingsuchschemes Formeasures (B)mainly countries are remedially responsible that arebest able to: • financially support securing recognition, remembranceof lossandcounselling and/or • provideexperienceand know-howhowtoovercome loss Slow-onsetprocesses (non-insurableL&D) Formeasures (C)mainly countries are remedially responsible that arebest able to: • financially support risk reductionand relocation schemes • financially support catastrophe bonds schemes for countries at risk and/or • provide technologyand know-howinsettingupand maintainingsuchschemes Formeasures (D)mainly countries are remedially responsible that arebest able to: • financially support securing recognition, remembranceof lossandcounselling and/or • provideexperienceand know-howhowtoachieve alternative livelihoods other communities and countries still in need of assistance. To increase efficiency and effectiveness, it seems plausible that those countries are also under a duty to assist those inneedofassistancewhoarefacingsimilar (risksof)L&Dastheywere orare threatenedwith themselves. 2.6 Conclusions In this chapterwe aimed atmappingout themost important ethical considerations relevant in case of climate L&D. Especially in light of the Paris Agreement and themulti-causality of factors beyondanthropogenic climate change contributing to L&D,weelaboratedontheethicalimplicationsofL&D—intheshorttomediumter- m—withinadistributiveframework. Inaddition todifferentiatingresponsibilities in lightofcompensatoryconsiderationsandliability,wearguedthatL&Dcouldalsobe