Page - 72 - in Loss and Damage from Climate Change - Concepts, Methods and Policy Options

72 L.M.Bouwer Table3.2 Normalisationstudiesofweather-relateddisaster loss records Hazard Location Period Normalised loss References Tropical cyclones (9 studies) Tropical storm LatinAmerica 1944–1999 No trend Pielkeet al. (2003) Tropical storm India 1977–1998 No trend Raghavanand Rajesh (2003) Tropical storm USA 1900–2005 No trend Pielkeet al. (2008) Tropical storm USA 1950–2005 Increase since 1970;no trend since1950 Schmidt et al. (2009) Tropical storm China 1983–2006 No trend Zhanget al. (2009) Tropical storm USA 1900–2008 Increase since1900 Nordhaus (2010) Tropical storm USA 1900–2005 No trend BouwerandBotzen (2010) Tropical storm USA 1900–2005 Increase since1900 Estradaetal. (2015) Tropical storm China 1984–2013 No trend Fischeret al. (2015) Extra-tropical cyclones (3 studies) Windstorm USA 1952–2006 Increase since1952 Changnon (2009b) Windstorm Europe 1970–2008 No trend Barredo (2010) Windstorm Switzerland 1859–2011 No trend Stucki et al. (2014) Snowstorms (1study) Ice,blizzardand snowstorms USA 1949–2003 Increase since1949 Changnon (2007) Convectiveweather (7 studies) Thunderstorm USA 1949–1998 Increase since1974 Changnon (2001) Tornado USA 1890–1999 No trend Brooksand Doswell (2001) Tornado USA 1900–2000 No trend Boruff et al. (2003) Hailstorm USA 1951–2006 Increase since1992 Changnon (2009a) Hailstorm Southwest Germany 1974–2003 Increaseover last 20years Kunzet al. (2009) Tornado USA 1950–2011 No trend Simmonset al. (2013) Thunderstorm USA 1970–2009 Increasing trend since1990 Sanderet al. (2013) Flooding (7studies) Riverflood USA 1926–2000 No trend Downtonand Pielke (2005) Riverflood China 1950–2001 Increase since1987 Fengqinget al. (2005) (continued)