Page - 83 - in Loss and Damage from Climate Change - Concepts, Methods and Policy Options

Chapter4 TheRiskandPolicySpace forLoss andDamage: IntegratingNotions ofDistributiveandCompensatoryJustice withComprehensiveClimateRisk Management ThomasSchinko,ReinhardMechlerandStefanHochrainer-Stigler Abstract TheWarsawLoss andDamageMechanismholds high appeal for com- plementing actions on climate change adaptation andmitigation, and for deliver- ingneeded support for tackling intolerable climate related-risks thatwill neitherbe addressed bymitigation nor by adaptation. Yet, negotiations under the UNFCCC are caught between demands for climate justice, understood as compensation, for increases inextremeandslow-onsetevent risk,andthereluctanceofotherparties to considerLossandDamageoutsideofanadaptation framework.Working towardsa jointlyacceptablepositionwesuggestanactionablewayforwardforthedeliberations maybebasedonaligningcomprehensiveclimateriskanalyticswithdistributiveand compensatory justice considerations.Our proposed framework involves in a short- mediumterm,needs-basedperspectivesupport forclimateriskmanagementbeyond countriesability toabsorbrisk. Inamedium-longer term, liability-basedperspective weparticularly suggest to consider liabilities attributable to anthropogenic climate change and associated impacts.We develop the framework based on principles of needand liability, and identify thepolicy space forLoss andDamageas composed ofcurativeandtransformativemeasures.Transformativemeasures,suchasmanaged retreat,havealreadyreceivedattentionindiscussionsoncomprehensiveclimaterisk management. Curative action is less clearly defined, andmore contested. Among others, support for a climatedisplacement facility couldqualifyhere. For both sets ofmeasures, riskfinancing (suchas ‘climate insurance’) emerges as an entrypoint for further policy action, as it holds potential for both riskmanagement aswell as T.Schinko (B) ·R.Mechler ·S.Hochrainer-Stigler International Institute forAppliedSystemsAnalysis (IIASA),Laxenburg,Austria e-mail: schinko@iiasa.ac.at R.Mechler ViennaUniversityofEconomicsandBusiness,Vienna,Austria ©TheAuthor(s)2019 R.Mechler et al. (eds.),LossandDamage fromClimateChange,ClimateRisk Management,PolicyandGovernance,https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72026-5_4 83