Page - 95 - in Loss and Damage from Climate Change - Concepts, Methods and Policy Options

4 TheRiskandPolicySpace forLossandDamage… 95 Political principles Funders Capacity Recipients Needs Funders Liability Recipients Rights Policy& Implementation Needs & liability-basedClimateRiskManagement Implementationhorizon Short to medium term Medium to longterm Notion of justice Distributive justice Compensatory justice Analytical perspective Forward looking Backward looking Fig.4.5 Elementsof thedynamicprincipledapproach toLossandDamage. SourceOwnFigure risks in the domain of L&Dare based.Given the present difficulties of attributing climate related lossesanddamages to (1)anthropogenicclimatechangeandfurther (2) to certain agents,wepropose takingonadistributive justiceperspective for the short tomedium-term.Weargue for supporting comprehensiveCRMbasedon the capacity topayprinciple in thosecountrieswith thegreatestneed, identified,e.g.by acountrylevelriskassessmentbasedonrisklayering(suchaspresentedinSect.4.4), and focusingonbothnational and local levels. Particularly in themediumtolonger-term,asevidencefromclimatechangeattri- butionstudies isboundto increase,weseeastrongconsiderationofacompensatory justice dimension into the practical policy approach, by taking on (in addition) a liability-basedperspective.This is importantgiven theevidenceonclimate impacts and the fact that compensationwill remainacentralnormativeaspect in theclimate negotiations and has to be dealtwith in order to establish healthy long-term inter- national relations, which themselves are a precondition for implementing just and effective responses toglobal climatechange (ThompsonandOtto2015). Naturally, thequestionemergeswhetherandhowthethreebuildingblocks—risk identification, risk evaluation, and climate attribution and justice–which have been discussed in the previous section, can nowbe brought together and how tofill the principled approach outlined herewith life to identify and visualise the Loss and Damagespace?Ourdiscussionbuildson thepolicyproposalmadebyMechler and